independent segregation + crossing over

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7 Terms

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independent segregation

in meiosis 1, homologous pairs of chromosomes line up opposite each other at the equator of the cell.

it is random which side of the equator the paternal + maternal chromosomes from each homologous pair lie.

these pairs are separated, so one of each pair ends up in a daughter cell.

this creates a large number of possible combinations of chromosomes in the daughter cells produced.

over 8 million different combinations of chromosomes can be made.

<p>in meiosis 1, homologous pairs of chromosomes line up opposite each other at the equator of the cell.</p><p>it is random which side of the equator the paternal + maternal chromosomes from each homologous pair lie.</p><p>these pairs are separated, so one of each pair ends up in a daughter cell.</p><p>this creates a large number of possible combinations of chromosomes in the daughter cells produced.</p><p>over 8 million different combinations of chromosomes can be made.</p>
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homologous chromosomes

chromosomes w/ exact same genes but diff alleles

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number of possible combinations of chromosomes in the daughter cells produced =

2^n; n = number of homologous pairs

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number of possible combinations of chromosomes in the daughter cells produced = HUMANS

2^23

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crossing over

in meiosis 1, homologous pairs line up opposite each other at the equator = parts of chromatids can become twisted around each other = puts tension on chromatids = chromatid pairs break off + broken parts of chromatid recombine w/ another chromatid = chromosome swap section of their chromatid = new combo of alleles

<p>in meiosis 1, homologous pairs line up opposite each other at the equator = parts of chromatids can become twisted around each other = puts tension on chromatids = chromatid pairs break off + broken parts of chromatid recombine w/ another chromatid = chromosome swap section of their chromatid = new combo of alleles</p>
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3 comparisions b/wn meiosis + mitosis

meiosis = 2 nuclear divisions; haploid cell; introduces genetic variation; mitosis = 1 nuclear division; diploid cells; creates genetically identically

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random fusion of gametes

= new combo of alleles so the offspring are genetically different from their parents; (2^n)^2