Chemistry Yr 10

alkali metal

element found in group 1 of the periodic table

alkaline earth metal

element found in group 2 of the periodic table

halogen

element found in group 17 of the periodic table

noble gas

gaseous element found in group 18 of the periodic table

metal

elements found on the left hand side of the periodic table that are shiny, malleable, ductile and good conductors of heat and electricity

non-metal

elements that are found on the right hand side of the periodic table

anion

a negatively charged ion

cation

a positively charged ion

electron configuration

the arrangement of electrons in each electron shell surrounding an atom

valence electron

an electron located in the outermost electron shell

ion

an atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge

compound

a pure substance made contains particles made up of 2 or more different atoms bonded together

covalent compound

different non-metal atoms chemically bonded together

covalent molecular compound

covalent compound that forms molecules CO2, H2O

covalent network compound

covalent compound in network (3D grid) form. Diamond, graphite

chemical reaction

a change in which a new substance is formed (original reactant particles have been rearranged to form new product particles)

chemical equation

a shorthand way of describing what happens in a chemical reaction (products and reactants)

product

a substance formed as a result of a chemical equation

reactant

a substance present at the start of a reaction

acid

a substance that produces H+ ions in solution

Base

a substance that produces OH- ions in solution

neutralisation

the reaction between an acid and base

strong (acid)

a high proportion of molecules produce ions in solution; said to ‘completely ionise

weak (acid)

a low proprtion of molecules produce ions in solution; said to ‘partially’ ionise

solute

the dissolved substance in a solution

solvent

the substance that dissolves other substances (usually present in a greater quantity)

solubility

a measure of how easily a substance dissolves in a solvent

soluble

is able to be dissolved in a solvent

insoluble

doesn’t dissolve

precipitate

insoluble solid produced in a chemical reaction

concentration

a measure of how much solute is dissolved is a given volume of solution can be described qualitatively and quantitatively

dilute

a small amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solution

concentrated

a large amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solution