Topic 5

What is health?

A state of physical and mental well-being

What is disease?

A condition that impairs normal body function

What is a communicable disease?

A disease caused by pathogens that can be spread

What is a non-communicable disease?

A disease not caused by pathogens and not infectious

What is a pathogen?

A microorganism that causes disease

What types of pathogens are there?

Bacteria viruses fungi and protists

How are communicable diseases spread?

By direct contact water air food or vectors

What is a vector?

An organism that transmits a pathogen

Example of a vector?

Mosquito

What is a bacterial disease?

A disease caused by bacteria

Example of a bacterial disease?

Salmonella

What is a viral disease?

A disease caused by viruses

Example of a viral disease?

Measles

What is a fungal disease?

A disease caused by fungi

Example of a fungal disease?

Athletes foot

What is a protist disease?

A disease caused by protists

Example of a protist disease?

Malaria

What is the immune system?

The body system that defends against pathogens

What is a white blood cell?

A cell that helps fight infection

What are antibodies?

Proteins that bind to antigens

What is an antigen?

A molecule that triggers an immune response

What is vaccination?

Introducing antigens to stimulate immunity

How does vaccination protect individuals?

By producing memory cells

What is antibiotics?

Medicines that kill bacteria

Why dont antibiotics work on viruses?

Viruses live inside cells and have no cell walls

What is antibiotic resistance?

When bacteria evolve to survive antibiotics

How can antibiotic resistance be reduced?

Avoid overuse and complete courses

What is a monoclonal antibody?

Identical antibodies produced from one cell

One use of monoclonal antibodies?

Targeting cancer cells

What is drug testing?

Trials to check safety effectiveness and dosage

What are preclinical trials?

Testing on cells and animals

What are clinical trials?

Testing on humans