FFA Food Science CDE

Poor sanitation can cause _________________, which is a common problem that can

lead to ____________________ .

food spoilage, off-odors and flavors

What is the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) agency that is responsible

for ensuring the safety of the nation's meat, poultry, and processed egg products?

Food Safety Inspection Service

Which of the following represents the temperature "Danger Zone"?

40oF to 140oF

The term "organic" is well-defined and regulated by ________________.

USDA's National Organic Program

Vitamin C is also known as ________________.

ascorbic acid

In the food industry, recipes are called ______________.

formulations

Which of the following can impact a human's ability to detect flavors?

All of the above

In 2002, savory was officially recognized as the fifth taste by the scientific community.

What is another term for savory?

Umami

On August 1, 2022, the USDA announced that it will be declaring Salmonella an

adulterant in which of the following products?

Breaded and stuffed raw chicken products

When bread is toasted, and browning occurs, this an example of which type of change?

chemical change

In terms of addressing bioterrorism in the food industry, what are the "3 Ps" of

protection?

Personnel, product, property

Which of the following refers to the stationary phase of microbial growth?

Environmental factors are limiting and growth slows

The food industry uses sublimation to ________________ and ________________ foods

at the same time.

freeze, dry

Structural changes in ingredients can be the indirect result of ____________________

All of the above

What happens when gluten protein chains come into contact with water?

Their shape changes by breaking into smaller chains or forming longer chains

What is the water activity of cookies, crackers, and bread crusts?

0.30

What is lactose intolerance?

Inability to produce lactase

The flakiness and tenderness of a pastry or pie shell is dependent on ________________

and __________________.

type of fat used, temperature at which fat is incorporated into flour

Which of the following sweet alcohols is NOT used as a texturizer?

glycerol

Retrogradation occurs because __________________.

starch granules try to return to their pre-cooking structure

What is a psychosomatic food illness?

Illness caused by the mind because of the sight of a foreign object or after

watching another human get sick

Which pathogen caused a large outbreak in powdered infant formula in early 2022?

Cronobacter sakazakii

When carbohydrates are not present as an energy source, the body goes into

__________________, which is a process of producing _____________________.

ketosis, ketone bodies

Which of the following is a lipid?

All of the above

Which of the following describes a foodborne intoxication?

A microorganism grows in a food, produces a toxin, and the toxin causes illness

Which of the following is NOT an example of a globular protein?

Whey in milk

Pork is lighter in color than beef because it contains less ______________.

myoglobin

A food package is important for which of the following?

All of the above

When making popcorn, what causes the kernels to pop?

Heating causes water in the kernel to boil, resulting in steam, and the pressure

caused by the steam pops the kernel

What is rennin?

Enzyme that breaks down proteins in milk

Enzymatic browning is a chemical reaction that results in the production of brown

pigments called _________________.

melanins

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, K

Iodine is important for thyroxine production, which is produced by the thyroid.

______________ is one of the best sources of iodine.

seafood

Why of the following are NOT high in polyphenols?

white grapes

Food allergies are mediated by ____________ antibodies to proteins.

IgE

Hygiene is important for people working in the food industry. People are known to

harbor which of the following?

All of the above

What does CIP stand for in the food industry?

Cleaning in place

What does the acronym CRISPR stand for?

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats

In terms of protein content and unsaturated fatty acids, insects provide nutritional

benefits that are comparable to meat. However, edible insects also provide a source of

______________ and _____________.

Vitamin C, fiber

Which of the following is NOT true regarding COVID-19 and our food supply?

Food packaging is an important source of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes

COVID-19) transmission, so all food packages should be sanitized

Which of the following is caused by a prion?

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Two Latin names are given to classify microbes. What is the genus and what is the

species for Escherichia coli?

Genus = Escherichia, species = coli

What is the Delaney Clause?

Bars the approval of any food additive known to cause cancer in humans or

animals

What does the term "Reduced Fat" mean when used as a food label nutrient claim?

No more than 25% of the fat of the comparable food

Why can't grapefruits and/or grapefruit juice be consumed with some medications?

The flavonoid naringin in grapefruits can decrease the effectiveness of some

medications

Which of the following best describes a sanitizer?

Agent that decreases, but does not necessarily eliminate, microorganisms to a

level deemed safe for public health

Caffeine consumption increases the excretion of __________________.

Calcium and magnesium

What does the term aseptic mean?

free of pathogens

What does the term "Best If Used By" indicate on a food label?

Refers only to product quality and indicates the product may still be fine to eat

after the date

Which of the following types of required information must be found on the principal

display panel of a food label?

Name of food or statement of identity

Which of the following is NOT a function that water serves in the body?

Improving the quality of sleep

Which of the following best defines fatty acid?

Organic molecules that consist of a carbon chain with a carboxyl group at one

end

Which of the following best defines margin of safety for an additive?

Zone between the concentration in which an additive is normally used and the

level at which a hazard exists

Microorganisms and _________________ often work together to cause food spoilage.

enzymes

Why are three-digit codes used to label products during sensory evaluation?

Reduces bias because panelists are more likely to select 1 over 3 or A instead of

B or C

Hydroponic crops are grown with their roots suspended ________________.

in a liquid nutrient solution

Which of the following a technique to separate foods based upon density?

sedimentation

What is the overarching goal that MyPlate.gov, the Physical Activity Guidelines, and the

Dietary Guidelines aim to achieve?

Energy balance

If eggs are cooked too long, ____________ will develop, and the result will be a green

ring around the egg yolk.

Iron sulfide

Cellulose is indigestible and composed of ______________.

beta glucose

Which of the following best describes cultivated meat?

Laboratories are used to reproduce animal flesh in bioreactors to produce a

product that is characteristic of natural meat

Foams can be described as ___________, surrounded by a _____________ film.

bubbles of air, protein

Which of the following is NOT a function of acids and bases?

protein source

High-dose irradiation can be defined as levels of radiation of ________ kgray or higher.

25

A soft drink is a(n) ______________ solution.

carbon dioxide-in-water

Which of the following are methods used in descriptive research?

All of the above are descriptive research methods

Which of the following is NOT true about molds?

Almost all molds should be considered a health hazard

Which of the following is NOT one of the 7 principles of the Hazard Analysis and Critical

Control Point program?

Establish regulatory relationships

Which of the following is recognized as the leading body for setting international food

standards with the goal of protecting consumer health ensuring fair food trade

practices?

Codex Alimentarius

Which pathogen is often implicated in infant formula recalls?

Cronobacter sakazakii

Which of the following best describes the research term meta-analysis?

Drawing overall conclusions by pooling results from several individual research

studies

When water leaks from a gel over time, this is known as _______________.

syneresis

Why does a dressing that consists of vinegar and oil separate?

Fat molecules in oil are nonpolar and vinegar molecules are polar

_______________ is the energy required for a reaction to begin and _______________

reduce the amount of energy required for a reaction to begin.

Activation energy, enzymes

Which of the following best defines the term bioavailability?

Ability of the body to absorb and use a nutrient in the form it was consumed

Why is slow freezing and the development of large ice crystals an issue in food

products?

Rupture cell walls of animal and plant tissues

Dehydrofreezing is also known as _______________.

lyophilization

The proportion of flour to liquid is lower in _____________ than in _____________.

batters and doughs

Which of the following contribute the most kilocalories per gram of nuts?

fats

Which of the following is NOT a phenolic acid?

All of the above are phenolic acids

Coliforms present in a food product indicate the possible presence of ____________.

pathogenic microorganisms

Which of the following is NOT one of the "4 Cs of Food Safety"?

Change

Which of the following can viscosity influence in a food?

All of the above

What policy did the USDA implement in December of 2012 with the goal of significantly

reducing consumer exposure to unsafe meat products?

Test and Hold

Which of the following USDA Recall Classifications represents "high or medium risk"?

Class I

Which of the following is a component of the FDA's New Era of Smarter Food Safety

blueprint?

Tech-Enabled Traceability

Which of the following is the most recent edition of the FDA Food Code?

2022 Food Code

What is the definition of a compound?

Substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically combined

Which of the following is another term for condensation?

None of the above

The enzyme _______________ breaks lactose down into _______________.

Lactase, glucose and galactose

Aspartame is comprised of which two amino acids?

Aspartic acid and phenylalanine

Which of the following is NOT true about caffeine?

A moderate dose of caffeine is considered to be 300-400 mg per day

When anaerobic bacteria digest cow manure, ______________ is produced, which can be captured and burned in generators to produce energy and decrease _____________.

methane, greenhouse gas emissions

Which of the following is considered the main source for the foodborne pathogen Staphylococcus aureus?

Humans

What gas is often reduced in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)?

Oxygen

The membrane in eggs that separates the egg white from the shell is similar in structure to a(n) _________________.

cell wall

Fresh apple shelf life can be extended by suppressing their natural production of ______________.

ethylene

Which of the following is NOT associated with rancidity?

Short-term health risks are a concern if a rancid product is consumed

What is collagen?

A protein found in connective tissue

Which of the following is a benefit of food additives?

All of the above