NLE

Jupiter

-King of gods

-God of sky, weather, thunder, and lightning

-Animal: Eagle

-Symbols: Lightning bolt, scepter

-Wife: Juno (Hera)

-Greek equivalent: Zesus

Sicily

First province outside the Roman penninsula

scribite!

wrrite!

aperite libros!

open your books!

sedete!

sit down!

tracete!

be quiet!

Mars

-god of war and agriculture

-Parents: Jupiter and Juno

-Symbols: helmet, spear

-Animals: wolf

-Greek Equivalent: Ares

Aenas

-Trojan War

-Son of Venus and Anchises

Ascanius

- Son of Aenas

- founded Alba Longa, a long white rock formation near the site

Tiber River

Rome is founded on the Banks of the Tiber river by Romulus an Remus in 753 BCE

Romes Hills

-aventine —> Remus wanted to establish the city

-capitoline

-palatine —> Romulus wanted to estabish the city

To be

sum,es,est, sumus, estis, sunt

Negative Command

Noli (sg), Nolite (pl)

Future Tense

bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt

1st Declension

a, ae, ae, am, a (sg) ae, arum, is, as, is (pl)

2nd Declension

us, i, o,um,o (sg) i, orum, is, os, is(pl)

3rd Declension

-, is,i, em, e (sg) es, um, ibus, es, ibus (pl)

Imperfect Tense

bam, bas, bat, bamus, batis, bant

Romulus

-Expanded Roman territory through war

-Upon his death, he became the god quininus

Numa Pompilius

-Peaceful

-Taught by Nymph Egeria

-Instituted many of Rome’s religious institutions (Vestal Virgins)

-10 monthCalendar Reform

-Temple of Janus

Janus

-God of doors and new ways

-Gates of War: Opened during times of war, closed during times of peace

Tulius Hostilius

Waged a war against Alba Longa

-Built the first senate house (Curia)

-Killed by Jupiter (struck by lightning because he didnt pray to him)

Mercury

-Messenger god

-god of commerce, thieves, and travelers

-led souls to the underworld

-invented the tyre (Which he gave to Apollo)

-Killed a monster named Argus (100 eyes)

-Attributes: Winged helmet and sandals; the caduceus

-Greek Equivalent: Hermes

Imperfect Tense of To Be

eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant

Future Tense of To be

ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt

Present Tense of To Be able to/Can

possum, potes, potest, possumus, potestis, possunt

Imperfect Tense of To be Able to/ Can

poteram, poteras, poterat, poteramus, poteratis, poterant

Future Tense of To Be Able to/Can

potero, poteris, poterit, poterimus, poteritis, poterunt

Pantheon

-Temple of all gods (12 Olympian gods)

-Oculus: The hole in the enter of the dome to let the smoke out from fire

-Rotunda: The interior (Big open circular space)

Io

-Pretty Girl

-Jupiter wanted to get with her, but Juno would be mad, so he turned her into a cow.

-Argus guards Io, but mercury kills him.

Horrati

Roman triplets who fought against the Curatti for Rome. First two died while fighting the Curatti, other one killed all three Curatti

Curia

Senate House

Romulus and Remus

-Born in Alba Longa

-Father: Mars; Mother: Rhea Silva

-Numiter vs Amulus led to their attempted murder

-She, wolf,and fastulus attempted to help them

Campus Martius

Field of Mars; where Pantheon was built

Colosseum / Flavian Amphitheater

arena; place where fights took place

Basilica

law court

Cloelia

-Hostage held by Porsena according to a treaty with Rome

-She leads a daring escape

-Porsena demands her back which she willingly does

-Porsena is so impressed by her bravery that she sets her free along with half of the other hostages

Tarquinius Superbus

-7th and last king

-Built temple of Jupiter on Capitoline hill

-Cloaca Maxima (sewer system)

-Obtained the Sibylline Books (guidance during times of crisis)

-Overthrown by uprising in 509 BCE BRUTUS

Roman Republic

Consisted of a senate & consuls (two at a time for a one year term)

Horatius Cocles

-The Romans are fighting a battle with the Estruscans on the other side of the Tiber from Rome. The Romans are defeated and flee back to Rome across Pons Sublicius, the only bridge at the time crossing the Tiber.

-Horatius Cocles single handedly holds the Etruscans as his fellow soldiers destroy the bridge behind them. 

-When the bridge is destroyed, cocles swims across the Tiber, fully armed to safely 

Cincinnatus

-Retired Roman consul and farmer 

-Called back to serve as a dictator during a military crisis 

-Was reluctant to leave his simple life, but accepted the role as Rome was in dire need. He left his plow and farm assumed control of the Roman army. 

-Under his command, the Roman forces quickly defeated the enemy. 

-After achieving victory, Cincinnatus demonstrated his commitment to Roman Republic's values by relinquishing his absolute power and returned to his farm. 

Mucius (Scaevola)

attempted to assassinate Lars Porsenna, the Etruscan king that was besieging Rome; after he was captured by the Etruscans, he held his hand in a fire to demonstrate his bravery and selflessness in fighting for Rome.

Circus Maximus

between the palatine and aventine hills; place for watching chariot racing in Rome

Aqueducts

brought fresh water to Rome from the surrounding mountain ranges

Perfect Tense

i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt

summa cum laude

with the highest praise

per annum

by year, yearly

A.D

anno domini; in the year of the lord

i.e

id est; that is

e.g

exempli gratia; for example.

Perfect Tense of To Be

fui, fuisti, fuit, fuimus, fuistis, fuerunt

Licet

impersonal verb; it is allowed

Placet

impersonal verb; it is pleasing

caput

head

oculus

eye

manus

hand

pes

foot

ecce!

behold!

eheu!, euge!/eugepae!

alas! alas/awe

necesse est

is it necessary

gratias agere

to give thanks

brevi tempore

in a short time

prima luce

at first light

veni, vidi, vici

i came, i saw, i conquered. What Ceaser said when he quickly conquered parts of Asia

Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR)

The Senate and the People of Rome

Licetne mihi ire ad latrin

May I go to the bathroom?

centum

one hundred

quam

how?

aut

or

itaque

therefore

neque

nor/neither

cur?

why

ubi?

where?

quomodo?

how?

sol lucet

the sun is shining

cena;culina

dinner;kitchen

statim

immediately

subito

suddenly

tum

then

qui

who

quae

which

quam

what

1st person pronouns (me)

ego, -, mihi, me, me

2nd Person Pronouns (you)

tu, -, tibi, te, te,

We pronouns

nos, -, nobis, nos, nobis

You all pronouns

vos, -, vobis, vos, vobis

tunic/tunica

worn by people of all status

toga

worn by men to signify Roman citizenship

toga virilis

mans toga

toga candida

bright white toga, was worn by people running for office; hence the term candidate

stola

signifying married status

toga praetexta

toga with a purple stripe, was worn both by boys and by men of senatorial rank

palla, or shawl

women could wear over the head when out in public. 

Thermae (frigidarium or caldarium)

Baths (cold/hot)

Forum

Central market place and meeting place of the city

Arachne

foolishly challenged Minerva to a weaving contest; Minerva, angry at her, changed her into a spider or aranea/arachnid

Camillus

encouraged the Romans to stay and defend their city from the Gauls

Manlius

who was awoken by the sacred geese of Juno that skwawked when the Gauls tried to take the Capitoline Hill of Rome at night

Roman Empire

After the assassination of Julius Caesar his  son Octavian, aka Augustus, emerged as the first emperor of Rome.  Emperors essentially had absolute power, and the government was organized around this one man (princeps)

Midas

king of Phrygia, was rewarded for his kindly treatment of the satyr Silenus with a wish, from Dionysus.  Midas foolishly and greedily asked that all he touch be turned to gold; this led to his being unable to eat, among other things.  He then was cleansed of this wish by bathing in the Pactolus river, where he shed his gold.  Later he judged a musical contest between Pan, the shepherd god, and Apollo; when Midas judged against Apollo, his ears were turned into donkey ears.