Unit 1 Basic Chemistry

nonpolar molecules

nonpololar covalent bonds

no net charge

polar molecules

contain polar covalent bond

have a net charge

amphipathic molecules

large molecules

containing parts that nonpolar and polar

what type of molecule is a phospholipid

amphipatic

fatty acid tails- nonpolar

phosphate head- polar

hydrogen forms between

two polar molecules

H-N,O,F

What is the structure of water

2 hydrogen

1 oxygen

what type of bond is a hydrogen bond

intermolecular

Intermolecular v Intramolecular

Intermolecular- between molecules (hydrogen)

Intramolecular- holds molecules together (covalent)

water functions (4)

transports

excretes waste

cushions

lubricants

cohesion

water sticking to itself

surface tension

water sticking to itself on its surface

adhesion

attraction between water and another substance

temperature

Measure of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules within a substance

why does water have such a high specific heat

because of the strong bonds of hydrogen bonds

specific heat is

the amount of energy required to raise 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius

water cools and heats ______ land. (faster than, slower than, the same as)

slower than

what is the universal solvent

water

What will not dissolve in water

nonpolar molecules

such as oil

what is hydrophilic

water loving

water will surround it

what is the hydration shell

The water that surrounds the substances that are polar

what is a non-electrolyte

substances that dissolve and remain intact, and cannot conduct current, ex. glucose and alcohol

what is an electrolyte

substances that dissolve and dissociate

and conduct current, ex. salt

hydrophobic

is water fearing

hydrophobic exclusion

cohesivewater molecules "force out"nonpolar molecules

Amphipathic molecules do what in water

partially dissolve in water

micelle

lipid molecules that arrange themselves in a spherical form in aqueous solutions

what is the pH of water

7

what is the pH scale

it is the number of [H+] ions in the solutions

the more [H+] ions, the lower the pH- acidic

the less [H+] ions, the higher the pH- basic

alkaline solutions are (another word for alkaline)

basic solutions

which pH has the most H+ ions? (1,5,7,9,14)

1

what is neutralization

When an acid or base is added to neutralize a solution (pH-7)

Buffers

Help prevent pH changes if excess acid or base is added

how do buffers work

Act to accept H+ from excess acid or donate H+ to neutralize base

what is a mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

What is a suspension

material larger in size than 1mm mixed with water

appears cloudy or opaque in motion, separates in stillness

what is the special type of suspension

Water and a nonpolar liquid substance

total blood is a (type of mixture)

suspension

blood plasma is a (type of mixture)

colloid

what is a colloid

smaller particles than a suspension, but larger than those in a solution, scatter light

what is a solution

homogeneous mixture of material smaller than 1 nanometer

does not scatter light

mass/volume

g/mL

mass/volume percent

grams of solute per 100 milliliters of solution

IV solutions

If you need to give a drug to a patient in their IV, which unit of measurement would you use? (g/mL, g/100mL, g/M,mg/M)

g/100mL

what is the structure of ATP

Adenine (nitrogenous base); ribose (5- carbon sugar) and 3 phosphate groups

energy is released when _____ happens to ATP

phosphates break