China and Japan notes first week till 1920s

Why does japan modernize easier?

smaller than china, china was targeted by the opium wars, had less focus on them. pre 1890s japan initiated the meji restoration and did away with its feudal system

sino japanese war

1894-95, mainly about control of korea and was fought on Chinese and Korean territory.

result of sino japanese war

1895 treaty of shimonoseki. Japan gets special rights in korea and korea is independent from china, control of taiwan, gets unequal treaty rights in china similar to those of european powers, 360 million yen, exclusive economic development rights in liaodong (S. manchuria),

reactions to treaty of shimonoseki 1895

tripartite intervention from Russia, Germany, and France force Japan to cede their special rights in liaodong because they wanted to also colonize the region as well

around 1895-1899 in return for japan giving liaodung back, US and europe end the unequal treaties they made japan sign

Russo Japanese war

1904-5 over warm water ports around manchuria. Japan wins the naval battle but stalemate on land.

result of russo japanese war

treaty of portsmouth 1905 gives japan southern sakhalin (the upper part right next to Japan’s island). Russia leases liaotung from japan but recognizes its japan’s. The RR Russia built in southern manchuria is given to japan. Global recognition of korea as within Japan’s sphere of influence

treaty of portsmouth prespectives

-japan wanted russia to pay an indemnity and felt that european powers had double standards

-russia collapses in 1917 over their loss

-qing collapses bc of the fighting in the chinese region in 1911

WWI

-china sends troops to help GB and allies itself with them

-japan stops german ships around their small islands in SEA, does not send troops

-japan sends 21 demands to china in secret 1915

japan’s 21 demands that were accepted

1. Get all German economic rights in Shandung Peninsula. This is first big push by

Japanese into China south of Manchuria.

2. China’s acceptance of Japan's special position in South Manchuria and eastern Inner

Mongolia (Jehol).

3. Establish a Sino-Japanese company with a mining monopoly in the Yangtze River valley,

the Han-Yeh-Ping Co.

4. Agreement that no harbor, bay, or island along the coast of China be ceded or leased to

any other power

japans 21 demands that were rejected

a. the Chinese govt. employ Japanese political, financial, and military advisers.

b. police be run jointly by Chinese and Japanese

c. Japanese have the right to own land in China.

d. that China promise to purchase 50% or more of China's military goods from Japan,

e. that Japan get the right to construct RR in south China. (until then British-controlled)

result fo japan’s 21 demands

• china publicizes it to the whole world. everyone is too busy fighting WWI except for the US wo backed China

• japan felt resentful for not getting all their demands met

Treaty of Versailles 1919

-Japan gets German possessions in China and in the Pacific. eg.

the Carolines, the Marshalls, the Marianas, and the Bonins

-pushes for racial equality clause which is denied by US wilson

japan’s resentment of the US

-US brokered deals with Russia and China that felt like they were depriving them of something they earned through the military

-US blocked racial equality clause at the Treaty of Versailles

-US in 1924 stops immigration of all asians

China May 4 1919

huge movement from students and textile workers to make china modernize. Very nationalistic, and anti-japanese, they organize boycotts of japanese goods