PTE Exam 2

How fast is bone vs muscle loss on bed rest?

Bone ≈ 1%/week (up to 30–40%).

Muscle 10–15%/week (~50% in 3–5 weeks).

Pressure-sore sites in supine

Heels, sacrum, scapulae, elbows, back of head, spinous processes

Contracture timing on immobility?

Joint-structure changes ~5 days; ROM changes by ~1 week. Hip/knee/ankle most at risk

Head-hips relationship?

To move the hips one direction, the head moves the OPPOSITE direction.

PTEACS default guarding + Equipment?

CGA/SBA and always the gait belt — until you can prove the patient is safe without it.

Cushion for a patient with no sensation / high ulcer risk?

ROHO (interconnected air cells) or gel - not standard foam

Which side is a single cane held on for level gait?

Opposite the involved leg - widens the base, mimics reciprocal arm swing

Crutches, NWB, going down stairs?

Crutches —> affected leg (knee straight) —> hop down with uninvolved

A 6-8” curb with a walker, NWB - which way do you face going up?

Backward - patients back to the curb

Foley catheter during transfers?

Keep the collection bag BELOW bladder level at all times.

IMS, FSS-ICU, PFIT-s, PERME — higher or lower is better?

Higher = better on all of them. CAM-ICU is the odd one (positive = bad).

IMS (ICU Mobility Scale)
FSS-ICU (Functional Status Score for the ICU)

PFIT-s (Physical Function ICU Test-scored)

PERME (Perme ICU Mobility Score)

CAM-ICU (Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU)

What defines an LTCH?

Acute-care hospital for >25-day average stays; daily MD; vent weaning; most transfer from the ICU.

Long Term Care Hospital

Barthel max vs FIM max?

Barthel 100 (ADLs). FIM 126 (18 items, motor + cognition).

First two steps before touching an LTCH patient?

Consent from the nurse, then hand hygiene (then PPE, identity, consent to treat).