memory vocab

memory

any indication that learning persisted over time; our ability to store and retrieve information

3 stage model

encode, storage, retrieval

flashbulb memory

notable, often traumatic event, shared by many people (9/11)

iconic memory

photogenic memory

echoic memory

auditory memory

sensory memory

initial recording of sensory information

prospective memory

remembering to do something in the future

short term memory

capacity of 7 +/-

working memory

another term for short term memory; represents action of making associations with old information

long term memory

essentially limitless

deep processing

encoding information in a way that's purposeful and manageable

shallow processing

encoding information in a manner depending on the superficial and perceptual characteristics of the info instead of its meaning

next in line effect

performance anxiety; unable to recall information when you are "next in line"

serial position effect

being able to remember the beginning and end of a list but not the middle

semantic encoding

encode with meaning, purpose; effortful, deep

self-referencing

recalling information that can be related to ourselves

spacing effect

spreading out your learning

mnemonic

visual imagery utilized to aid in memory

peg word system

using the same visual anchors to connect items in a list

method of loci

technique utilizing spacial relationships to items to be memorized

link method

link constructive words in a list to one another through creative, imaginative visual imagery

chunking

organizing information into meaningful units (phone #)

acronyms

using first letters to memorize something (ROYGBIV)

acrostic

using letters to make a saying

hierarchies

organizing information by levels of importance

ebbinghaus

discovered that the amount remembered depends on the time

acoustic encoding

using rhyme/rhythm to remember things

priming

helps activate necessary associations; typically not aware it is happening

retrograde amnesia

failure to retrieve past memories

anterograde amnesia

failure to form new memories