FTCE - PreK-3 - Developmental Knowledge (MC)

Multiple choice version

Which of the following teacher strategies would be most effective in maintaining communication with families whose home language is not English?

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1. sending out a monthly multilingual newsletter
2. providing the school's website address
3. providing phone numbers of bilingual classmates
4. sending out teacher contact information

1\.

In the United States, poverty or sudden loss of income affects the development of children primarily through

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1. lack of adequate nutrition.
2. family relocation.
3. lack of emotional attachment.
4. family stress.

4\.

Object permanence is a milestone of cognitive development that typically is functionally in place by what age?

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1. 12 months
2. 24 months
3. 36 months
4. 48 months

2\.

Based on research, by the age of 6, children can typically be expected to have a vocabulary of approximately

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1. 2,000 words.
2. 6,000 words.
3. 10,000 words.
4. 14,000 words.

3\.

A second grader is aggressive and has trouble getting along with other students. The teacher notices that this child is less popular, has lower grades, and is less cooperative than other students. Which factor has most likely influenced this child’s development?

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1. The child’s parents are divorced or separated.
2. The child’s family is living below the poverty level.
3. The child lives in a physically abusive family.
4. The child was born to a single teenage mother.

3\.

Expectant mothers who abuse drugs may deliver low-birth-weight babies with behavioral and medical problems, including

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1. developmental delays.
2. anoxia.
3. phenylketonuria.
4. fragile X syndrome.

1\.

A teacher's class includes many students whose families are facing challenges and do not have support from extended family. The teacher can best help these families by

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1. listening to and empathizing with the families' needs.
2. contacting the families regularly for updates.
3. sending home notes of encouragement to the families.
4. connecting the families with relevant community agencies.

4\.

In the "nature versus nurture" controversy, the term *nature* refers to

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1. environmental factors.
2. family dynamics.
3. genetic inheritance.
4. cultural influences.

3\.

Who is credited with originating the operant learning theory?

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1. Ivan Pavlov
2. B.F. Skinner
3. Maria Montessori
4. John Dewey

2\.

This person believed development occurs through unfolding; he compared the child to a seed that, once planted, germinates, brings forth a new shoot, and grows from a young, tender plant to a mature, fruit-producing one. He likened the role of the educator to that of a gardener and envisioned education of the young as occurring in a "garden of children." This description refers to

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1. J.J. Rousseau.
2. J.H. Pestalozzi.
3. F.W. Froebel.
4. J.A. Comenius.

3\.

Which of the following is an element of Maria Montessori's program for educating young children?

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1. prepared learning environment
2. series of occupations and gifts
3. didactic materials and concrete operations
4. positive reinforcement and frequent praise

1\.

According to Jean Piaget's theory of intellectual development, children in the preoperational level engage in transductive reasoning. Which of the following is an example of how a child thinks during this stage?

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1. All first graders are in Ms. Garcia's room. I am in Ms. Garcia's room. I am a first grader.
2. I hit Silvia yesterday. Silvia is not in school today. I made Silvia sick.
3. The reading test scores in Mr. Robinson's class are above average. I am in Mr. Robinson's class. I am an above-average reader.
4. At noon, all kindergarten children must go to the cafeteria. I am in kindergarten. It is noon. I will be in the cafeteria.

2\.

The belief that basic needs must be met before higher level needs can develop is generally associated with the theories of

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1. Abraham Maslow.
2. Maria Montessori.
3. Albert Bandura.
4. B.F. Skinner.

1\.

Which of the following was an early proponent of the idea that young children learn best through active engagement with developmentally appropriate materials?

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1. Friedrich Froebel
2. Howard Gardner
3. Benjamin Bloom
4. William Glasser

1\.

Children need to experience the physical representation of numbers before they can understand the symbolic representation, according to the theory of

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1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
2. John Dewey.
3. Friedrich Froebel.
4. Jean Piaget.

4\.

The "hundred languages of children" is a basic philosophy of which curriculum model?

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1. Reggio Emilia
2. Montessori
3. High/Scope
4. Bank Street

1\.

Which organization has advocacy for children and families as its primary goal?

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1. Children's Defense Fund
2. Association for Childhood Education International
3. Families and Work Institute
4. National Association for the Education of Young Children

1\.

The organization that specifically states its commitment to promoting quality care and education for young children and their families is the

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1. Southern Early Childhood Association.
2. Division for Exceptional Children.
3. Association for Childhood Education International.
4. Council for Exceptional Children.

1\.

Identifying children's speech and language disorders is the responsibility of

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1. the classroom teacher, the speech-language pathologist, and the parents.
2. the principal, the guidance counselor, and the parents.
3. the speech-language pathologist, the parents, and the pediatrician.
4. the classroom teacher, the parents, and the social worker.

1\.

A primary teacher wants the students to transition to the next activity. Which of the following is the best strategy for accomplishing this goal?

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1. describing the new task while students are still working
2. giving each student specific directions
3. signaling students to gain their attention
4. walking around the room asking the students to listen

3\.

A kindergarten teacher is developing a unit on weather. Which of the following strategies should be utilized first when planning the unit?

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1. reviewing concepts in the adopted textbook
2. examining state and district science standards
3. surveying children's interest in weather concepts
4. assessing students' prior knowledge about weather

2\.

Mrs. Kern is finding it difficult to teach her first graders how to pronounce words correctly when reading aloud in leveled texts during guided reading groups. The best basic approach would be to have the children

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1. use context clues.
2. spell words.
3. define words.
4. sound out words.

4\.

Which of the following first grade activities best describes a developmentally appropriate practice?

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1. copying multiplication tables from the board
2. writing the alphabet using worksheets
3. performing a teacher-guided science experiment
4. taking a pop quiz on social studies vocabulary

3\.

Which of the following practices by a kindergarten teacher would best facilitate students' transition from one activity to another?

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1. flicking the classroom lights on and off when it is time to transition
2. informing students at the beginning of each activity how much time they have until the next transition
3. alerting students to each transition 5 minutes before it takes place
4. creating a chart on the board that shows the time at which each transition will occur

3\.

If a 3-year-old child is having difficulty working with and completing puzzles, what materials are most appropriate to help this child acquire the skill?

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1. lacing boards that allow practice in fine motor skills
2. dot-to-dot pages with colored pencils
3. building blocks in a variety of colors, shapes, and sizes
4. puzzles with knobs on them for easy placement of pieces

4\.

Mr. Reed notices that some of his kindergarten students always go to the block center during free choice time. To encourage them to spend time at other centers, he should

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1. promote another center during circle time.
2. close the block center for a week.
3. eliminate free choice time if they go to blocks.
4. allow them to go to blocks if they go to another center later.

1\.

A second-grade teacher observes that several students are having difficulty with rhyming patterns. Which of the following would be the most effective grouping strategy to ensure that all students master this objective?

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1. setting up heterogeneous groups of two to engage in peer tutoring
2. reteaching the entire class using whole group instruction
3. teaching the skill to the specific students in a small group
4. having students work in cooperative groups using reciprocal instruction

3\.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about daily schedules for 3- to 5-year-old students?

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1. The schedule should be followed consistently without variation.
2. The schedule should be flexible to meet the students' needs.
3. Students at this age do not need a schedule.
4. Students should have input into their schedules.

2\.

Kevin and Jill are prekindergarten students. During play, Kevin plans, shares, and organizes members of the group in play scenarios around themes or goals. Jill follows other children and imitates their play behavior, but she does not interact with the other children. From these descriptions, it can be inferred that Kevin is in the cooperative stage of play and Jill is in the

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1. onlooker stage.
2. solitary stage.
3. parallel stage.
4. associative stage.

3\.

Which of the following is the best approach for adults to use in order to build nurturing and trusting relationships with pre-kindergarten students?

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1. responding to children's needs, desires, and messages and adapting responses based on their differing learning styles and abilities
2. responding in a flexible manner to children's needs, desires, and messages, based on information gathered from parent conferences
3. observing children and responding to their needs and messages based on cultural background and familial criteria
4. observing children and responding to their needs and messages, based on curriculum standards and cognitive criteria

1\.

A student struggling in math is receiving intensive, individualized interventions. Which of the following documents provides the most reliable evidence that these interventions are effective?

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1. administrator created rubric
2. computer-based practice results
3. curriculum-based assessment
4. teacher created checklist

3\.

Third graders are writing stories about their family members. Which of the following accommodations would be most beneficial for several beginner-level English language learners in the class?

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1. allowing them to type their stories on a computer
2. permitting them to copy a story from a book
3. permitting them to use inventive spelling in their stories
4. allowing them to watch their peers compose stories

3\.

Listening skills are best achieved through which of the following activities?

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1. reading a selection to the students and requiring them to do a sentence completion activity
2. involving the students by asking them to make predictions, evaluations of characters' actions, and summaries of the selection being read
3. involving the students by having them complete a worksheet activity based on the same selection they have read
4. reading a selection to the students who have completed all of their seat work activities

2\.

A first-grade class is having difficulty with reading comprehension. Which of the following centers would be best for developing comprehension skills?

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1. spelling
2. listening
3. science
4. writing

2\.

Which of the following activities would best improve preschoolers' hand-eye coordination and development of finger muscles?

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1. playing ping-pong
2. hammering nails into wood
3. doing gymnastics and tumbling
4. stringing large beads

4\.

A first-grade teacher used an approach in which she focused instruction on students' internalizing regular patterns of spelling-sound correspondence. This approach is known as

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1. eclectic.
2. sight word.
3. morphemic.
4. phonic analysis.

4\.

A first grader is reading a self-selected story about trucks. She easily comprehends the story, but she stumbles on the word *tire* and asks her teacher for help. The teacher should respond by

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1. helping her find the word in the dictionary.
2. telling her the word.
3. showing her flashcards on truck words.
4. assisting her in sounding out the word.

4\.

Mrs. Bunker, a prekindergarten teacher, is planning a unit for Fire Safety Week. Which activity would be most developmentally appropriate for teaching her students fire safety concepts?

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1. inviting a firefighter to explain "stop, drop, and roll"
2. visiting a firestation
3. viewing a video on fire prevention
4. making a class book about a fire dog

1\.

Which of the following components of effective co-teaching is most likely to positively impact student learning?

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1. adequate planning
2. time management
3. communicating expectations
4. defining responsibilities

1\.

A kindergarten student with cognitive delays due to prenatal drug exposure would likely benefit most from a(an)

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1. language-rich reading program.
2. extended playground period.
3. flexible daily activity schedule.
4. technology-based curriculum.

1\.

According to most research on second language acquisition, kindergarten students who speak a language other than English should receive reading instruction

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1. in their heritage language first.
2. by using bilingual books.
3. through English only classes.
4. in one-on-one tutoring sessions.

1\.

Which of the following is the most appropriate approach for facilitating preschool students’ pretend play in the classroom?

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1. providing a supply of materials and organizing them in one area of the classroom
2. providing a supply of materials and modeling their use in one area of the classroom
3. reading a story and telling students to act the story
4. creating a story script and assigning individual roles

1\.

Students and teachers would collect samples of the students' best work to create a

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1. showcase portfolio.
2. process portfolio.
3. composite portfolio.
4. documentation portfolio.

1\.

At the beginning of the year, a third-grade teacher should use what information to plan for her students' reading instruction?

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1. individual reading inventories, former teacher recommendations, and standardized tests
2. teacher's judgment after meeting the child and former teacher recommendations
3. parent request, test scores, and former teacher recommendations
4. analysis of the books read by students over the summer

1\.

A third-grade teacher has given several 10-item mathematics tests. The test scores do not seem to be consistent from one test to another. To improve the reliability of the tests, which change should the teacher make?

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1. adding more easy items to each test
2. eliminating the most difficult items on each test
3. using a greater number of items on each test
4. decreasing the frequency of the tests

3\.

The most effective type of assessment for determining first-grade students' ability to recognize high frequency words is

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1. portfolio assessment.
2. formal assessment.
3. oral reading assessment.
4. authentic assessment.

3\.

A second-grade teacher wants to involve students in the assessment process. She asks the students to help select samples of their best work to document their progress throughout the year. The teacher then compiles samples of each child's work, records of teacher observations, the child's self-evaluations, and all other information that aided in assessment during the year. This is an example of a(an)

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1. anecdotal record.
2. portfolio.
3. report card.
4. profile.

2\.

A second-grade class is using portfolios during its creative writing workshop. The most instructionally effective portfolio considering the purpose of the workshop includes

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1. everything the child has written.
2. everything selected by peers.
3. only content selected by the student.
4. only content graded by the teacher.

3\.

Which of the following statements describes how anecdotal records are different from running records?

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1. Anecdotal records are brief accounts of a single incident.
2. Anecdotal records are based on teacher observations.
3. Anecdotal records are an authentic form of assessment.
4. Anecdotal records are more often used by researchers.

1\.

Which of the following types of assessment instruments would be the most appropriate to use when measuring the skills and knowledge children have learned in first grade?

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1. achievement
2. aptitude
3. diagnostic
4. readiness

1\.

Which of the following is the first step in the response to intervention process?

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1. providing instruction at supplemental stage
2. giving intensive individualized instruction
3. identifying students at risk of poor learning outcomes
4. tracking the progress of students at risk of poor learning outcomes

3\.

A teacher can best develop children's self-confidence and positive feelings toward learning by providing activities that

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1. present a limited level of difficulty.
2. exceed developmental capabilities.
3. emphasize repetition in format presentation.
4. provide challenges yet offer opportunities for success.

4\.

To foster self-guidance and self-control skills in children, a teacher should provide children with

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1. opportunities to select activities independently.
2. activities that are teacher directed.
3. mostly teacher-directed activities.
4. materials and equipment that are familiar.

1\.

When a teacher observes a child displaying appropriate behavior and responds positively to that child, what is most likely to occur?

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1. The child's self-esteem and self-control will increase.
2. The child's self-monitoring ability will decrease.
3. The child's self-help and self-reliance skills will increase.
4. The child's self-awareness will decrease.

1\.

It is time for students to put away materials and return to their seats. One student does not like to help with this task. What strategy can the teacher employ to improve the student's behavior?

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1. Ask her to be a group leader and supervise cleanup.
2. Tell her to help clean up or she won't be able to use the materials the next day.
3. Tell her she'll be at the end of the line if she doesn't clean up.
4. Ask her to go to time-out and have her return later to clean up by herself.

1\.

Which of the following teacher strategies is most effective for guiding children's behavior and responding to challenging behaviors?

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1. ignoring students who display unacceptable conduct
2. lecturing students about appropriate social skills
3. teaching students to use conflict resolution
4. punishing students to enforce classroom rules

3\.

Two kindergarten students get into an argument during playtime and do not want to play with each other any longer. It is important for the teacher to

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1. call the class together and teach a conflict resolution lesson.
2. separate the two students for the rest of the activity time.
3. help the two students resolve differences and return to play.
4. send notes home to the parents of both students.

3\.

Two second graders are arguing while waiting in line. The confrontation becomes physical as the students push each other. The best way for the teacher to manage this situation would be to

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1. ignore the students and let them work it out on their own.
2. complete formal referrals for fighting and send both to the office.
3. separate the two students and counsel with them later in the day.
4. intervene immediately and guide the students toward resolution.

4\.

A child has been identified as a victim of abuse. The child subsequently was removed from her home. The teacher should help in this situation by

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1. making every effort to keep the child in school.
2. looking into transferring the child to another school.
3. ignoring the problem as if nothing has happened.
4. trying to make the child feel comfortable in school.

4\.