Module 5 - Section 1

Networking basics

computer network

A ___ is two or more client machines that are connected together to share resources

subnets

A network can be logically partitioned into

networking

__ requires a networking device (such as a router or switch) to connect all the clients together and enable communication between them.

Internet Protocol (IP) address

Each client machine in a network has a unique ___ that identifies it

decimal

An IP address is a numerical label in ___ format

binary

Machines convert that decimal number to a ___ format.

8

Each of the four dot (.)-separated numbers of the IP address represents ___ bits in octal number format

octal

Each of the four dot (.)-separated numbers of the IP address represents 8 bits in ___ number format

255

Each of the four dot (.)-separated numbers of the IP address represents 8 bits in octal number format. That means each of the four numbers can be anything from 0 to ___

32

The combined total of the four numbers for an IP address is ___ bits in binary format.

binary

The combined total of the four numbers for an IP address is 32 bits in ___ format.

IPv4

A 32-bit IP address is called an ___ address.

IPv6

A 128-bit IP address is called an ___ address.

128

IPv6 addresses, which are ___ bits, are also available. IPv6 addresses can accommodate more user devices.

eight

An IPv6 address is composed of ___ groups of four letters and numbers that are separated by colons (:)

colons

An IPv6 address is composed of eight groups of four letters and numbers that are separated by___

four

An IPv6 address is composed of eight groups of ___ letters and numbers that are separated by colons (:)

16

Each of the eight colon-separated groups of the IPv6 address represents ___ bits in hexadecimal number format.

hexadecimal

Each of the eight colon-separated groups of the IPv6 address represents 16 bits in ___ number format.

FFFF

Each of the eight colon-separated groups of the IPv6 address represents 16 bits in hexadecimal number format. That means each of the eight groups can be anything from 0 to ___

128

The combined total of the eight groups for an IPv6 address is ___ bits in binary format.

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR).

A common method to describe networks is

An IP address (which is the first address of the network)

Next, a slash character (/)

Finally, a number that tells you how many bits of the routing prefix must be fixed or allocated for the network identifier

The CIDR address is expressed as follows:

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)

The ___ model is a conceptual model that is used to explain how data travels over a network

seven

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual model that is used to explain how data travels over a network. It consists of ___ layers and shows the common protocols and addresses that are used to send data at each layer

7. Application

6. Presentation

5. Session

4. Transport

3. Network

2. Data link

1. Physical

OSI layers:

7. application

OSI layer: means for an application to access a computer network

6. presentation

OSI layer: ensures that the application layer can read the data; encryption

5. session

OSI layer: enables orderly exchange of data

4. transport

OSI layer: provides protocols to support host-to-host communication

3. network

OSI layers: routing and packet forwarding (routers)

2. data link

OSI layer: transfer data in the same LAN network (bridges and siwtches)

1. physical

OSI layer: transmission and reception of raw bistreams over a physical medium (hubs)

7. HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, DHCP, LDAP

6. ASCII, ICA

5. NetBIOS, RPC

4. TCP, UDP

3. IP

2. MAC

1. Signals (1s and 0s)

protocol/address of each layer:

Independent Computing Architecture (ICA)

developed by Citrix Systems to facilitate efficient data transfer between a server and a client.