PMlS1

WHAT IS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

• Inter-disciplinary science devoted to diagnostic testing of human samples.

• blood

• urine

• stool

• body secretion

• seminal fluid

• hair and nail

• tissue

CLINICAL LAB

• Hematology – blood

• Clinical microscopy- urine, stool, seminal fluid, and other body fluids

• MOL (Molecular laboratory) -hair and nail

• I.S lab -blood sample for analysis

• Blood bank -crossmatching blood – whether it is compatible with both patients

• Bacteriology or Microbiology – cause

• Anatomical laboratory -biopsy and autopsy

• Phlebotomy area – collection

• LIS (Laboratory information section/system)- accept samples then barcoding

• CC – clinical section

DEFINITIONS

1. R.A No.5527 (Philippines medical technology act of 1969)

• Aid physicians in the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disease and prominent of health in general.

1. Anne P. Fagelon (1961)

• Used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.

1. Ruth I. Heinemann (1963)

• Performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

SCOPE OF PRACTICE

• Assuring reliable test results:

Producing accurate test results

Correlating and interpreting test data

Assessing and improving existing laboratory methods

Designing, evaluating, and implementing new methods

• SYNONYMS

Medical laboratory technology-

India (3year program BMLT)

Medical laboratory science

1. Philippines (Ched memorandum order no.14 s.2005)

• Australia

Clinical laboratory science-

U.S (State of California)

Biomedical science

Commonly used in European countries

300 BC to 180 AD

Hippocrates

(Greek physician) and (father of medicine).

Hippocrates

• He described four (4) body fluids (Humors) in man and felt that these were the source of a person’s disposition and diseases in ancient times.

4 Humors:

1. Blood

2. Phlegm

3. Yellow bile – a humor thought to cause anger and bad temper when present in excess

4. Black bile – secreted by the kidneys or spleen

                     Caused sadness and melancholy

PHYTHAGOREAN THEORY (GALEN)

• Created a system of pathology that combined hippocrates’ humoral theories

• Described that the 4 elements of (earth, air, fire, water) corresponded to combinations of physiologic qualities (dry, cold, hot, moist) roughly to the 4 humors:

blood

Hot + moist

yellow bile

Hot + dry

 phlegm

Cold + moist

Cold + dry

black bile

URIANALYSIS

• passed down from ancient times and is regarded as the oldest of laboratory procedures today (as early as 600 B.C)

Galen

described diabetes as “diarrhea of urine” and established the relationship (directly proportional) between the fluid intake and urine volume.

Medieval Europe

Uroscopy (water casting) was practiced

900 AD-

1^st book detailing the characteristics of urine was written

1500 BC

 Vivian Herrick, a medical technologist, traces the beginning of medical technology when intestinal parasites such as ASCARIS AND TAENIA were mentioned in the early writings.

Ebers Papyrus

• believes that medical technology began when a book for the treatment of disease was published.

• This book contained description of 3 stages of hookworm infection and the disease that it could produce to human

Medieval Period (1096-1438)

• Ruth Williams, a medical technologist, believed that medical technology began from this period as supported by the fact that urinalysis was a fad.

Early Hindu Doctors

• made the “scientific observation” that the urine of certain individuals attracted ANTS and that such urine has a SWEETISH TASTE (diabetes) 

Quacks

• calling themselves doctors - reaped fortunes from diagnosing diseases by the appearance of the urine.

14^th century

• Anne Fagelson -believed that medical technology started when a prominent Italian doctor at the University of Bologna employed Alessandra Giliani to perform different tasks in the laboratory. Unfortunately, this young lady died due to a LABORATORY ACQUIRED INFECTION (LAI)

Leeuwenhoek (1632)

• invented the simple (1 lens) microscope

• 1^st to describe red blood cells (RBCs) to see protozoa and to classify bacteria according to shape: coccus, bacillus, and spiral.

• The invention of the microscope led to the rapid progress of microbiology and pathology

Malpighi (1628-1694)

• described as the greatest of the early microscopist. 

• His work in EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY made him as the “founder of pathology”

Rudolph Virchow

• some believed that pathology was practiced in his time.

• He was one of the youngest of the medical specialists.

• He was the founder of the Archives of Pathology in berlin. 

Hermann Von Fehling (1848)

performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar.

15^TH Century

• discovery of different dyes (colors) such as aniline dyes used in staining microorganisms.

Dyes –

• used in staining led to the development and advancement of microbiology because bacterial study has been made possible. 

The new science became known in

• GERMANY and spread in GREECE, JAPAN, TURKEY, ENGLAND, and UNITED STATES.