Chapter 6 Study Guide: Protein Intake and Functions

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts about protein functions, sources, and nutrition.

Functions of Protein

Proteins act as enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and provide structural support in tissues.

Essential Amino Acids

Amino acids that must be obtained from the diet.

Nonessential Amino Acids

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body.

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Protein

0.8 g/kg/day for adults.

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for Protein

10-35% of total daily calorie intake.

Peptide

A chain of more than three amino acids.

Transcription

The process in which DNA is used to make messenger RNA (mRNA).

Translation

The process where mRNA directs the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Denaturation

The alteration of a protein's structure that impacts its function without changing its amino acid content.

Tripeptides

The largest protein fragment absorbed into mucosal cells.

Free Amino Acids

The protein digestive products that enter the bloodstream.

Positive Nitrogen Balance

Occurs during growth and pregnancy when nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen loss.

Negative Nitrogen Balance

Occurs in malnutrition and illness when nitrogen loss exceeds nitrogen intake.

Sources of Protein in U.S. Diet

Common sources include meat, dairy, and legumes.

Protein Deficiency Diseases

Kwashiorkor and marasmus, which occur in regions with food scarcity.

Impact of Low Blood Protein

Leads to edema in conditions like kwashiorkor due to fluid retention.

Factors for Choosing Protein Foods

Consider nutrient density, fat content, and sustainability.