Chemical Agents Used in Microbial Control

These flashcards cover key concepts related to chemical agents used in microbial control, their classifications, modes of action, advantages, and common uses.

What are the major categories of antimicrobial chemicals?

Phenols, Alcohols, Halogens, Oxidizing agents, Heavy metals, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Aldehydes, Gaseous agents.

Who was the first to use phenol as a disinfectant and in what year?

Joseph Lister in 1867.

What are derivatives of phenol called?

Phenolics.

What is formed when two phenolics are covalently linked together?

Bisphenols.

What are the advantages of using phenols/phenolics in microbial control?

They are effective laboratory and hospital disinfectants.

What are alcohols used for in microbial control?

As either antiseptics or disinfectants.

Which microorganisms are alcohols particularly effective against?

Bacteria and viruses.

What is a tincture?

A solution of a medicinal substance in alcohol.

What do halogens include?

Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I).

What is iodine often used for?

As an antiseptic.

What is an iodophore?

A complex of iodine with a solubilizing agent.

What are common commercial preparations that contain iodine?

Betadine and Isodine.

What should be done to make bleach safe for drinking water under emergency conditions?

Add two drops of bleach to 1 liter of water and let it sit for 30 minutes.

What are oxidizing agents?

Compounds such as peroxides, ozone, and peracetic acid.

What is hydrogen peroxide often used for?

To sterilize atmosphere and surfaces.

What is peracetic acid known for?

Being sporicidal and can be used as a sterilant.

Which heavy metal ions are commonly discussed in microbial control?

Silver, Copper, Zinc, Mercury.

What do heavy metal ions bind to in proteins?

Sulfhydryl groups (-SH) present in certain amino acids.

What is glutaraldehyde commonly used for?

As a disinfectant to kill bacteria, viruses, fungi, and Mycobacteria.

How long does glutaraldehyde take to be sporicidal?

When left for about 3-10 hours.

What is the primary disadvantage of using formaldehyde?

It is a potential carcinogen.

What are quaternary ammonium compounds good for?

As a surface disinfectant in hospitals.

What is ethylene oxide used for?

As a gaseous agent for microbial control.

What should you NOT do when using non-toxic cleaners?

Do not mix them.

What are the steps for using vinegar and hydrogen peroxide as cleaners?

Wash the surface with vinegar, then spray with hydrogen peroxide.