Market Revolution and Westward Expansion Overview

Electromagnetic Telegraph

Messages could be sent instantly over wires

Vulcanized Rubber

Made rubber more durable for use in tires

Sewing Machine

Made clothing faster and cheaper

Steamboats

Helped move goods faster

Railroads

Connected cities and moved people

Steel Plow

Made farming easier and faster

Mechanical Reaper

Made farming easier and faster

Northeast

Main Economic Industry: Manufacturing; Key Resources: Water, Coal; Labor System: Paid workers in factories

South

Main Economic Industry: Farming; Key Resources: Land; Labor System: Slaves, Slave labor

West

Main Economic Industry: Farming; Key Resources: Land, Tools; Labor System: Family farms

Desire for Land

U.S. settlers moved westward

Economic Opportunities

People looked for new jobs and better lives

Religious Freedom

Groups like Mormons could practice freely

Western Trails

People traveled to settle in new territories and trade

Mission System

Spanish missions tried to spread Christianity to Native Americans.

Stephen F. Austin

Brought American settlers (Anglos) to Texas.

Tension between Anglos & Mexicans

Settlers didn't follow Mexican laws; conflicts grew.

Battle of the Alamo

Texans lost, but it became a rallying cry for independence.

Battle of San Jacinto

Texans defeated Santa Anna and won independence.

Texas Independence

Texas became its own country in 1836.

Texas joins the United States

In 1845, the U.S. added Texas, leading to conflict with Mexico.

North's Opinion on War

Against it — worried it would spread slavery.

South's Opinion on War

Supported it — wanted more slave territory.

Northern View on Territory Expansion

Opposed it

Southern View on Territory Expansion

Supported it

California Gold Rush

Gold was found @ Sutter's Mill; Thousands rushed to California

49ers

The population grew fast; California became a state in 1850.

Capitalism

An economic system where businesses are privately owned.

Entrepreneur

A person who starts a business

Capital

Money used to start or grow a business

Samuel F.B. Morse

Invented the telegraph

John Deere

Invented the steel plow

Cyrus McCormick

Invented the mechanical reaper

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the U.S. should expand west

Santa Fe Trail

The trail used for trade with Mexico

Oregon Trail

Trail settlers used to move west

Mormon Migration

Mormons moved west to escape religious persecution

President James K. Polk

U.S. president who believed in Manifest Destiny

54 40 or Fight

Slogan about getting Oregon land from Britain

Empresarios

Land agents who brought settlers to Texas

Sam Houston

Leader of Texas army; first president of Texas

Henry Clay

Senator who opposed war with Mexico

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Ended the Mexican War; U.S. got much land

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Leader of Mexico during the Texas Revolution

Colonel Stephen Kearny

U.S. general in Mexican War

John C. Fremont

Helped take California during the war

Zachary Taylor

U.S. general; became president later

Republic of California

Short-lived country formed during the war

San Francisco 49ers

Gold seekers who rushed to California in 1849