[UND SELF] UNIT 1 : PART 1-5

There is a fundamental principle/ thing that underlies everything else, including the human self.

Cosmo-centric

In Taoist tradition, ___ is considered an aspect of wisdom.

Water

Vast as all the water in the world. Meaning goes as deep as the deepest sea.

Water

Either cut through them or form a new path that will lead you to your goals and dreams.

Water

Represents compulsion, zeal, creativity and compulsion

Fire

It is a source of energy that requires moderation and control, or you WILL get burned!

Fire

Represents the breath of life soul. It is an exchange of electrons or flow of energy.

Air

symbolizes power, self- sufficiency, and legacy

Land

All observable elements are changeable and, were one to be more powerful than the others, it would have long since eradicated them.

Anaximander "Apeiron or the Boundless"

There would always be a reason why something happened and there would always be a reason why it ended.

First Cause

The content of your character is your choice

Reason

The Ancient Triumvirate

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

An unexamined life is not worth living

Socrates

He states that man is composed of a body and soul.

Socrates

Platonic theory of reminiscence

Introspection

Changeable , transient, imperfect

Physical World

World of Sense/Matter

Physical World

World of Ideas/Form; Abstract

Spiritual World

Unchanging, eternal, perfect

Spiritual World

Ideas of Socrates

1. One must strive to care for their soul which is their true self

2. Knowledge is important

3. To become virtuous, and virtue is necessary in attaining true happiness

4. All evil acts are committed out of ignorance hence doing evil acts are involuntary

5. It is better to suffer an injustice instead of committing injustice acts

consequence that will lead to happiness

Good

consequence that will lead to pain and suffering

Evil

Student of Socrates that supported the idea of man being composed of body and soul.

Plato

3-Part Soul/Self (Psyche)

Reason, Physical Appetite, Spirit/Passion

the divine essence that lets us think deeply (wisdom), makes wise choices and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths

Reason

accounts for the basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst and sexual desire

Physical Appetite

accounts for the basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, empathy

Spirit/Passion

Ideas of Plato

1. Think More

2. Let your lover change you

3. Decode the message of beauty

4. Reform society, end democracy, to help people think rationally

Matter + Form = Self

Aristotle

The mind (self) is a blank slate

Tabula Rasa

The process of completion is through

Experience

Knowledge is acquired through the ___

senses

middle ground between 2 vices in opposite directions

Golden Mean

They discussed how to achieve true happiness.

Post-Aristotelians

Embrace the problem

Embracing adversity

A philosophy designed to make us more resilient, happier, more virtuous and wiser-and as a result, better people, better parents and better professionals.

Stoicism

We don’t control and cannot rely on external events, only ourselves and our responses. You can’t achieve happiness, if you don’t put your words into actions.

Stoicism

There is no good or bad to the practicing Stoic. There is only perception. You control perception.

Stoicism

Greek philosopher who was a Stoic. “Do not seek for things to happen the way you want them to; rather, wish that what happens happen the way it happens then you will be happy.”

Epictetus

Stoic exercise and mindset that you take on for making the best out of anything that happens

amor fati

They believe that pleasure is the only good in life, and pain is the only evil, and our life’s goal should be to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.

Hedonism

Paradox of Hedonism or Pleasure Paradox

points out that pleasure and
happiness are stranger phenomena that do not obey normal

a doctrine of hedonism that was defended by several ancient Greek philosophers

Epicureanism

The greatest good is to seek modest pleasures in order to attain a state of tranquility, ataraxia and aponia.

Epicureanism

freedom from fear

Ataraxia

absence from bodily pain

Aponia

Greek philosopher who believed that the world is a random combination of atoms and that pleasure is the highest good

Epicurus

Epicurus' Techniques

1. Recollect happy moments

2. Pleasure is our first and kindred good

3. Get rid of this pain-pleasure-pain cycle

4. We need wisdom to see which pleasures are really pleasurable

5. Certain pains, like sadness, can lead to an appreciation for life

Revolves around theocentric philosophy

Medieval Philosophy

From the scientific investigation on nature and search for happiness to the questions of life and salvation in another realm, in a better world

Theocentric

Integrates Platonic ideas with the tenets of Christianity

St. Augustine

self-strives to achieve union with God through faith and reason

St. Augustine

Self-knowledge is dependent on our experience of the world around us

St. Thomas Aquinas

Integrates ideas from Aristotle

St. Thomas Aquinas

Knowing and learning about a thing requires a long process of?

Understanding

Modern Philosophy = ?

Anthropocentric

Period of radical, social, political and intellectual developments

Anthropocentric

The self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body

Rene Descartes

Self exists because it thinks

Rene Descartes

Soul can be separated from body

Rene Descartes

Personal identity is made possible by self-consciousness

John Locke

There is no “self”, only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions passing through the theater of our minds.

David Hume

The self is a unifying subject, an organizing consciousness that makes intelligible experience possible.

Immanuel Kant

The self is the way people behave

Gilbert Ryle

The self is the brain. Mental states will be suspended by brain states.

Paul & Patricia Churchland

Self is that conscious thinking thing

John Locke

joins the body and the soul and forms the person

Consciousness

Father of Modern Philosophy

Rene Descartes

contends that moral evaluations depend significantly on sentiment or feeling

David Hume

the shared psychological attributes of humankind that are assumed to be shared by all human beings

human nature

is more influence by feelings than by reason

human nature

According to him, we humans have both an inner and an outer self which unify to give us consciousness

Immanuel Kant

compromised of our psychological state and our rational intellect

Inner Self

includes our sense and the physical world

Outer Self

rational intellect

Apperception

sense and the physical world

Representation

Perceptions, thoughts, emotions, and feelings may be understood as observable behaviors that have various modes.

Gilbert Ryle

His approach is based on the view that actions such as thinking, remembering, feeling, and willing are revealed by modes of behavior or by dispositions to modes of behavior.

Gilbert Ryle

Father of Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

self is multi-tiered/multi-layered

Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious

living body is a natural synthesis of mind and biology.

Embodied Subjectivity

describe the phenomena of the lived experience (reducing biases) by describing what your immediate responses are— physically, emotionally, cognitively.

PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH

The self is embodied subjectivity.

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

We experience our self as a unity which the in mental and physical are seamlessly woven together

EDMUND HUSSERL

our body should be conceived of as our means of communication with the world, rather than merely as an object of the world which our transcendent mind orders to perform varying functions.

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

“in order that we may be able to move our body towards an object, the object must first exist for it"

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

Body and mind can't be separated

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

self as a product of modern society among other constructions

Sociology

the study and classification of human societies

Sociology

the self is a relatively stable set of perceptions of who we are in relation to ourselves, others, and to social systems

Classical sociological perspective

The view of ourselves comes from the contemplation of personal qualities and impressions of how others perceive us

LOOKING GLASS SELF

Made the looking glass self

Charles Horton Cooley

Actually, how we see ourselves does not come from who we really are, but rather from how we?

believe others see us

Made the Johari Window

Joseph Luft & Harrington Ingham

Technique used to enhance the individual's perception on self and others

Johari Window

self-based on psychoanalytic approach and cognitive construction

PSYCHOLOGY

Made the Structure of the Self

SIGMUND FREUD

Structure of the Self

Id, Superego, Ego

Pleasure Principle

Id

represents the basic need of man

Id