Sports Med Exam 3

What are the three types of knee joints mentioned in the notes?

Tibiofemoral, Patellofemoral, Proximal Tibial Fibular.

What is the kinetic chain?

An engineering concept to describe human movement, where rigid, overlapping segments are connected via joints, affecting movement at one joint due to changes at another.

What do all synovial joints contain?

Joint Capsule, Joint Space, Hyaline Cartilage, Synovial membrane, Synovial Fluid.

What is the function of the MCL in the knee?

It provides stability against valgus forces.

What swelling pattern is associated with a torn MCL?

Intracapsular swelling.

What role do dynamic structures play in joint stability?

They provide stability through muscles and tendons crossing the joint.

Which muscles stabilize the ACL?

Hamstrings stabilize the ACL.

What is the mechanism of injury for an ACL tear?

ACL tears are caused by a range of mechanisms, including contact or non-contact injuries.

What is the significance of the Lachmann test?

It is a test used to assess for ACL tears.

What is hemarthrosis?

Blood inside the joint.

What does the Q angle represent?

The angle that predisposes athletes to acute and chronic injuries; measured from the ASIS to the center of the patella, and from the center of the patella to the tibial tuberosity.

What is lateral instability in the knee typically associated with?

Varus forces and often occurs when the tibia is internally rotated.

What common knee injuries are referred to as the Unhappy Triad?

Injuries involving the MCL, ACL, and medial meniscus.

What type of injury is Osgood Schlatter Disease?

A traction apophysis at the tibial tubercle, common in prepubescent boys.

Which injuries might be involved with patellofemoral pain syndrome?

Chronic abnormal forces under the patella due to poor patellar tracking.

What are bursae and their relevance to the knee?

Fluid-filled sacs that can become inflamed or irritated, commonly found in the knee region.

What is the main focus of rehabilitation for knee injuries?

Modalities and exercises to restore function and stability.

What is Chondromalacia?

Degeneration of the articular surface of the patella.

How does training affect IT Band Syndrome?

Training problems, such as running on a crowned road or in the same direction continuously, can lead to IT Band Syndrome.

What is a Baker’s cyst?

Swelling in the posterior of the knee in the synovial bursa.

What is the general characteristic of ACL injuries in females compared to males?

Females have a higher incidence of ACL tears due to factors such as wider pelvis and ligament characteristics.

When should the Lachmann test be performed?

It should be performed ASAP after a suspected ACL injury.

What is the difference between a dislocation and a subluxation of the patella?

Dislocation is a complete sliding out of position, while subluxation is a partial displacement.

Describe the anatomical difference between the medial and lateral meniscus.

The medial meniscus is larger and C-shaped, while the lateral meniscus is smaller and oval-shaped.