Anatomy and Physiology I Lecture Review

Flashcards covering key concepts and terms related to joints and muscle physiology from the anatomy and physiology lecture.

Articular discs and menisci are __ structures between articulating bones in some synovial joints.

fibrocartilaginous

__ pads can cushion bones in some synovial joints.

Fat

Bursae are thin connective tissue sacs filled with __ liquid, reducing friction between bones and overlying structures.

lubricating

A __ joint is a synovial joint at which the rounded portion of a bone rotates within a ring formed by a ligament and an articulating bone.

Pivot

The __ joint allows flexion and extension and is functionally classified as a uniaxial joint.

Hinge

A condyloid/ellipsoid joint is functionally classified as a __ joint.

biaxial

A saddle joint allows movement similar to that of a __.

rider sitting on a saddle

The __ joint has the greatest range of motion among joint types.

Ball and socket

__ is the term for the type of joint that allows no movement.

Synarthrosis

Arthritis is a common disorder of synovial joints that involves inflammation, causing joint pain, __, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

swelling

Flexion is defined as movement in the __ plane that decreases the angle of a joint.

sagittal

The movement of a limb laterally away from the body is called __.

Abduction

Inversion is foot movement involving the intertarsal joints of the foot in which the bottom of the foot is turned __ the midline.

toward

During __, the myosin head pivots and pulls the actin toward the center of the sarcomere.

the power stroke

The __ is the smallest functional unit of muscle contraction, found within myofibrils.

sarcomere

Skeletal muscle fibers are covered by __ connective tissue.

endomysium

Excitation-Contraction Coupling is the process in which an electrical signal in a muscle cell is translated into a mechanical response, namely __.

contraction

The __ potential is the voltage at which an action potential is generated in a muscle cell.

threshold

Muscle Tension is the force generated by the __ of the muscle.

contraction

ATP is essential for muscle contraction and relaxation, particularly for releasing the __ head from the actin filament.

myosin

__ describes when a muscle is immobilized and leads to a reduction in the size of the muscle fibers due to the loss of myofibrils.

Atrophy