Pre-IB World History: Unit 1-World Religions

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61 Terms

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Islam

the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.

<p>the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.</p>
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Monotheistic

Belief in one god

<p>Belief in one god</p>
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Polytheistic

Belief in many gods

<p>Belief in many gods</p>
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Christianity

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

<p>A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.</p>
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Judaism

the monotheistic religion of the Jews

<p>the monotheistic religion of the Jews</p>
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Hinduism

A religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation

<p>A religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation</p>
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Buddhism

Belief system that started in India in the 500s BC. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering.

<p>Belief system that started in India in the 500s BC. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering.</p>
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Star of David

International symbol of Judaism

<p>International symbol of Judaism</p>
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Menorah

In the Jewish faith, it is a symbol of the nation of Israel and its mission to be a light to the nations

<p>In the Jewish faith, it is a symbol of the nation of Israel and its mission to be a light to the nations</p>
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Sabbath

a day of rest from work kept by Jews from Friday evening to Saturday evening

<p>a day of rest from work kept by Jews from Friday evening to Saturday evening</p>
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The Torah

the holy book of Judaism

<p>the holy book of Judaism</p>
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Jerusalem

A city regarded as being holy by Christians, Muslims, and Jews.

<p>A city regarded as being holy by Christians, Muslims, and Jews.</p>
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Kosher

The term used for food allowed under Jewish dietary laws

<p>The term used for food allowed under Jewish dietary laws</p>
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Virgin Mary

The mother of Jesus

<p>The mother of Jesus</p>
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Jesus

A Jew from Galilee in northern Israel. A teacher and prophet whose life and teachings form the basis of Christianity. Christians believe Jesus to be Son of God.

<p>A Jew from Galilee in northern Israel. A teacher and prophet whose life and teachings form the basis of Christianity. Christians believe Jesus to be Son of God.</p>
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The Trinity

God is three divine persons in one (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) -Christianity

<p>God is three divine persons in one (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) -Christianity</p>
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The Old Testament

First half of the Bible - 5 books of Moses, the Torah

<p>First half of the Bible - 5 books of Moses, the Torah</p>
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The New Testament

Second half of the Bible -features the Gospels (story of Jesus)

<p>Second half of the Bible -features the Gospels (story of Jesus)</p>
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The Bible

Christianity's holy book/sacred writings

<p>Christianity's holy book/sacred writings</p>
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Baptism

sprinkling or immersion in water as a symbol of being pure and starting a new life in the Christian Church

<p>sprinkling or immersion in water as a symbol of being pure and starting a new life in the Christian Church</p>
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Crucifixion

A type of execution in which a person was nailed to a cross - how Jesus was killed by the Romans

<p>A type of execution in which a person was nailed to a cross - how Jesus was killed by the Romans</p>
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Resurrection

(New Testament) the rising of Christ on the third day after the Crucifixion

in Christian belief, Jesus's rise from the dead

<p>(New Testament) the rising of Christ on the third day after the Crucifixion</p><p>in Christian belief, Jesus's rise from the dead</p>
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Catholicism

a branch of Christianity -900 million followers

<p>a branch of Christianity -900 million followers</p>
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Protestantism

a major group broadly defined as Christianity, which originated from the Reformation and protested and separated from the Roman Catholic Church

<p>a major group broadly defined as Christianity, which originated from the Reformation and protested and separated from the Roman Catholic Church</p>
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Orthodox Church

A branch of Christianity that dates to the Byzantine empire

<p>A branch of Christianity that dates to the Byzantine empire</p>
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The Cross

Symbol associated with Christianity and salvation. Christians believe Jesus died on a cross so that humanity's sins could be forgiven.

<p>Symbol associated with Christianity and salvation. Christians believe Jesus died on a cross so that humanity's sins could be forgiven.</p>
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Muslim

a believer or follower of Islam

<p>a believer or follower of Islam</p>
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Allah

God of Islam

<p>God of Islam</p>
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The Middle East

the birthplace of Judaism, Christianity and Islam

<p>the birthplace of Judaism, Christianity and Islam</p>
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The Prophet Muhummad

Founder of Islam, received prophecy from an angel. Muslims do not believe he is a god

<p>Founder of Islam, received prophecy from an angel. Muslims do not believe he is a god</p>
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Mosque

A Muslim place of worship

<p>A Muslim place of worship</p>
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Minaret

the tower attached to a mosque that issues the calls to prayer

<p>the tower attached to a mosque that issues the calls to prayer</p>
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Qu'ran

The holy book of Islam. Written in Arabic

<p>The holy book of Islam. Written in Arabic</p>
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Five Pillars of Islam

Declaration of faith, prayer 5x a day, charity, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)

<p>Declaration of faith, prayer 5x a day, charity, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)</p>
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Mecca

Holy city of Islam

<p>Holy city of Islam</p>
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Hijab

A head covering worn in public by some Muslim women.

<p>A head covering worn in public by some Muslim women.</p>
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India

What is the Cultural Hearth of Hinduism?

<p>What is the Cultural Hearth of Hinduism?</p>
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Brahma

the creator god of Hinduism

<p>the creator god of Hinduism</p>
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Vishnu

a Hindu god considered the preserver of the world

<p>a Hindu god considered the preserver of the world</p>
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Shiva

A Hindu god considered the destroyer of the world.

<p>A Hindu god considered the destroyer of the world.</p>
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Reincarnation

Hindu and Buddhist belief that souls are reborn into new bodies over and over (could be plant, animal, human)

<p>Hindu and Buddhist belief that souls are reborn into new bodies over and over (could be plant, animal, human)</p>
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Samsara

the cycle of life and rebirth in Hinduism

<p>the cycle of life and rebirth in Hinduism</p>
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Moksha

freedom from the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism

<p>freedom from the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism</p>
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Karma

Belief in Hinduism that your next life will depend on your good or bad deeds in this life.

<p>Belief in Hinduism that your next life will depend on your good or bad deeds in this life.</p>
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Dharma

In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties

<p>In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties</p>
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The Vedas

Hinduism's oldest religious texts

<p>Hinduism's oldest religious texts</p>
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Guru

religious teacher and spiritual guide in Hinduism

<p>religious teacher and spiritual guide in Hinduism</p>
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Caste System

A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life - 1) priests, 2) warriors/rulers, 3) merchants/teachers, 4) servants, 5) Untouchables (beggars)

<p>A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life - 1) priests, 2) warriors/rulers, 3) merchants/teachers, 4) servants, 5) Untouchables (beggars)</p>
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Diwali

Hindu festival of lights

<p>Hindu festival of lights</p>
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Ganges River

holiest river to Hindus. They believe bathing in this river will wash away their sins

<p>holiest river to Hindus. They believe bathing in this river will wash away their sins</p>
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The one religion with no personal god

Buddhism

<p>Buddhism</p>
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Siddhartha Gautama

Founder of Buddhism

-embraced "middle way"

<p>Founder of Buddhism</p><p>-embraced "middle way"</p>
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Nirvana

In Buddhism, the ultimate state of being where there is no pain, desire, or selfishness

-final goal of Buddhism

<p>In Buddhism, the ultimate state of being where there is no pain, desire, or selfishness</p><p>-final goal of Buddhism</p>
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The Four Noble Truths

According to Buddha, four principles for living that lead to nirvana/ peace

<p>According to Buddha, four principles for living that lead to nirvana/ peace</p>
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The First Noble Truth

Life is full of suffering/pain

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The Second Noble Truth

Desire causes suffering.

<p>Desire causes suffering.</p>
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The Third Noble Truth

To avoid suffering one must avoid desire (stop wanting things, being self-centered)

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The Fourth Noble Truth

The way to attain Nirvana is the Eightfold Path

<p>The way to attain Nirvana is the Eightfold Path</p>
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Shrine

Buddhist place of worship (candles, incense, Buddha statue)

<p>Buddhist place of worship (candles, incense, Buddha statue)</p>
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Mantra

a commonly repeated word or phrase for prayer in Buddhism (hymn/slogan)

<p>a commonly repeated word or phrase for prayer in Buddhism (hymn/slogan)</p>
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Meditation

the focusing of the mind on spiritual ideas

<p>the focusing of the mind on spiritual ideas</p>