Wellness 12,13,14

Exam

How can we find a connection between risk factors, symptoms, and diseases?

Cardio- Heart, Blood vessels

Metabolic

Biochemical processes involved in body functioning

Risk factors you can’t control

• Family history

• Race and ethnicity

• Socioeconomic status

• Age

• Height

Diabetes

Nonexistent or insufficient insulin secretion

Insulin Resistance

The body makes insulin but does not use it properly

Contributing factors

• Excess weight, particularly in men

• Lack of physical activity

• Genetic factors

Prediabetes

Impaired fasting glucose, glucose levels are higher than normal

What diabetes can cause?

• Blindness

• Nontraumatic amputations

• Kidney failure

People at risk for diabetes

Overweight

60 or older

Inactive

Family history w/ diabetes

POC in America

Type 1 Diabetes

Immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in pancreas

Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin does not make enough insulin for the body

Gestational Diabetes

diabetes that occurs during pregnancy

Detecting diabetes

Anyone over age 45 should be screened for diabetes 3 years

Anyone over age 45 should…

be screened for diabetes every 3 years

Signs and symptoms of Diabetes

• Increased thirst and urination

• Flu-like symptoms

• Weight loss or gain

• Blurred vision

• Slow healing sores or infections

• Nerve damage

• Red, swollen, tender gums

Diabetes management

A1c is less than 7 percent

Blood pressure

Cholesterol

Treatment

Insulin

Oral medication

Diet

Exercise

Blood pressure

force of blood against artery walls

Hypertension

when blood pressure remains elevated over time

Prehypertension

Systolic- 120-139 Diastolic- 80-89

Mild hypertension

Systolic- 140-159 Diastolic- 90-99

Moderate to severe hypertension

Systolic- 160+ Diastolic- 100+

Lower blood pressure

• Lose 10

• Don’t smoke

• Hold the salt

• Stick with your medications

• Avoid caffeinated energy drinks

Healthy Cholesterol

Ideal- less than 200

Lower Cholesterol

Weight management

Physical activity

Atrium

Either of two upper chambers of the heart

Ventricles

Two lower chambers of the heart

Systole

Contraction of the heart

Diastole

Period between contractions when heart fills with blood

Capillaries

• Smallest blood vessels in the body

• Deliver oxygen via the blood and take up waste

Risk with Heart disease

third leading cause of death in ages 25-44

Heart attack symptoms

• Shortness of breath

• Feeling sick

• Body pains

• New or worse headaches

List of Statins

Lipitor, Mevacor, Prevachor, Zocor

Statins function

Work in liver to block cholesterol production

Aspirin

may reduce chance of heart attack, but may increase chances of a stroke

Arteriosclerosis

arterial walls degenerate and harden, plaque on walls

Angina

chest pain

Heart attack (myocardial infarction)

insufficient oxygen to the heart muscle

Cardiac arrest

whenever the heart stops beating

CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

Rescue breaths and chest compressions creates circulation

Stroke

when blood supply to brain is blocked

Ischemic stroke

blockage of flow be cerebral thrombus or cerebral imbolism

Hemorrhagic

blood vessels rupture

TIA (Transient ischemic attack)

Little stroke minimal damage with risk of heart attack

Risk factors for stroke

Women going through hormonal changes

Men over a lifespan

Heart disease and diabetes

Obesity and high diet in fat

Risk of stroke doubles after…

age 55

Cancer

uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

Risk factors for cancer

Heredity

Higher mortality rate for African Americans

Obesity

Carcinogens

Carcinogens

cancer causing agent

Types of cancer

Carcinoma

Sarcoma

Leukemia

Lymphoma

Basal cell

Squamous cell

Actinic keratosis

Malignant melanoma

Carcinoma

Arises in epithelium

Sarcoma

Starts in supporting or connective tissues in the body

Leukemia

Begins in blood forming tissues

Lymphoma

Forms in lymph cells

Basal cell

cells in top level of skin

Squamous cell

Cells in epidermis

Actinic keratosis

Not cancer, but 40 percent become squamous cell carcinoma

Malignant melanoma

most lethal for of skin cancer

Mammography

breast cancer screening tool

Cervical and Ovarian Cancer

Cervical- S3xual activity, STI’s, Multiple sexual partners

Ovarian- Family history, smoking

Testicular cancer

Age 18-35

Undescended testicle

Family history

HIV infection

Cancer in other testicle

Prostate cancer

Aging

Family history

Exposure to cadmium