BI 101 test 1

If a RNA strand has a T on one side, what will the complementary strand have at the same location? A. A - Adenine B. C - Cytosine C. G - Guanine D. U - Uracil

Adenine

Which of the following locations does not contain ribosomes in a eukaryotic animal cell? A. Mitochondria B. Golgi Apparatus C. Rough ER D. Cytoplasm

Golgi Apparatus

Which of the following locations does not contain DNA in a eukaryotic plant cell? A. Mitochondria B. Nucleus C. Lysosome D. Chloroplast

Lysosome

If an organelle contains DNA, what can be said about its membrane? A. It has a single phospholipid bilayer B. It has a double phospholipid bilayer C. It has a triple phospholipid bilayer D. It does not have a phospholipid bilayer

It has a double phospholipid bilayer

You are a protein leaving a ribosome attached to the rough ER andyou have entered a vesicle for transport. Where is your next stop? A. The cell membrane B. The nucleus C. The extracellular matrix D. The Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus

If there is a lower concentration of solutes inside of a cell than outside, the cell is ___________. A. Hypotonic B. Hypertonic C. Isotonic

Hypertonic

What molecule is found in the membrane of your cells that keeps you from freezing in cold temperatures? A. Proteins B. Cholesterol C. Glucose D. Phospholipids

Cholesterol

What part of the cytoskeleton is responsible for moving chromosomes around during the process of cell division? A. Microtubules B. Intermediate filaments C. Microfilaments

Microtubules

True or False. Eukaryotic animal cells have a cell wall. A. True B. False

false

Which of the following is considered a storage pantry in your cells for excess water, glucose, ions, and other essential resources? A. Vesicle B. The Golgi apparatus C. Lysosome D. Vacuole

Vacuole

What Type of bond is formed when atoms unequally share electrons?

Polar covalent bond

What is the name of the substance that is capable of dissolving in water?

solvent or hydrophilic

what term is used to describe an atom that has more protons than electrons?

Cation

what term describes fats that only form single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms?

saturated fatty acid

what makes up a phospholipid?

2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

a molecule that contains carbon atoms bound to hydrogen is called an

organic molecule

what are the 4 nitrogenous bases present in RNA

A- adenine, U- uracil, C- cytosine, G- guanine

what 2 polysaccharides are used for energy storage?

starch and glycogen

What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?

a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base

what is the role of a ribosome in a cell?

to translate RNA into proteins and amino acids

what types of cells have a cell wall?

plant cells and prokaryotic cells

what is the name of a model that describes the transport of materials across the plasma membrane?

fluid mosaic model

what is an electrochemical gradient?

when the charges are different on each side of the plasma membrane.

what are the 5 components of amino acids?

central carbon atom, hydrogen atom, R group, carboxyl group, and amino group.

what structure within a cell is a "garbage disposal" for older cell materials and pathogens?

Lysosome

what is the process of expelling materials from inside a cell into the extracurricular matrix ?

exocytosis

what transports the materials to the plasma membrane to be expelled?

secretory vesicle

if the solution in the extracurricular matrix is higher in concentration than the solution within the cells the solution is ?

hypertonic

what 2 cell structures are present in animal cells but not plant cells?

centrosomes and lysosomes

what type of transport does not require the use of energy to move materials across the plasma membrane?

passive transport

where does the cell make energy? (the powerhouse)

mitochondria

name the structures in a plant cell that contain DNA.

nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast

what are 4 major classes of biological macromolecules?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

what type of bond forms between amino acids when they are linked together?

a covalent bond called a peptide bond

what type of bond forms between 2 nitrogenous bases to connect the 2 DNA strands?

hydrogen bond

what polysaccharide is used for structural support in fungi and arthropods?

chitin

what are the 2 differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

what is the term for a structure that aids in long term storage for materials?

Vacuole

what is the term used to describe an organism that must consume other organisms to obtain food?

heterotroph

a plant cell has absorbs a lot of water, overfilling the central vacuole, what term would you use to describe this cell?

hypotonic

what is the purpose of a peroxisome?

to break down toxins

what is the first step in the scientific method?

observe

what is the second step in the scientific method?

question

what is the third step in the scientific method?

form a hypothesis

what is the fourth step in the scientific method?

prediction

what is the fifth step in the scientific method?

experiment

what is the sixth step in the scientific method?

Analyze

what you are testing or what the researcher is manipulating in the experiment

independent variable

what is being measured and is predicted to be affected or depend on the independant variable.

dependant variable

the study of life

Biology

a substance that has mass and takes up space.

matter

elements are made up of what?

atoms, isotopes, ions, and buffers

atoms that don't contain an equal number of protons and electrons

ions

Atom that lost electrons and has a pos charge

cation

atom that lost protons and has neg charge

anion

the overall concentration of hydrogen ions

ph scale

what absorbs excess hydrogen ions to maintain ph?

Buffers

an elements outer shell can holds 8 electrons

octet rule

what are the 4 different bonds and interactions

covalent bond, ionic bond, hydrogen bond, and van der waals interaction.

covalent bond that shares electrons equally

non polar covalent bond

covalent bond that unequally shares electrons

polar covalent bond

substance that is capable of dissolving in water

solvent

polar molecules that dissolve in water

hydrophilic

non polar molecules that won't dissolve in water.

hydrophobic

climbing of molecules at the surface

adhesion

dome-like at the surface

cohesion

mono

one

sacchar

sweet

Di

two

poly

more than two

an enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

helicase

what does A match to in DNA

T

what does A match to in RNA

U