Pharmacology 4

Ch. 9

too small to be seen without a microscope

microorganism

4 types of microorganisms

1. bacteria

2. viruses

3. protozoa

4. fungi

when microorganisms are dangerous, they are called

pathogens

what fights bacteria

antibiotics

spherical, rod shaped, spiral shaped

bacteria

how fast can bacteria reproduce

20 minutes

bacteria are unicellular or multicellular

unicellular

viruses can or cannot live outside of a living cell

can’t

uses a host to produce new virus

viral

a viral microorganism needs a compatible _______ _____

receptor site

limited pharmacotherapeutic drugs and the ability to mutate are medical concerns for

viruses

strep, TB, pneumonia, gonorrhea, syphilis, sinus infection, diphtheria, and whooping cough are examples of

bacterial infections

flu, mumps, genital herpes, fever blisters, measles, AIDS, and COVID are all examples of

viruses

bacteria

virus

protazoa

fungus

unicellular and colonial organisms

protazoa

which microorganism has characteristics of animal life

protazoa

protozoa are transmitted by (3)

contaminated feces, insect bites, person-person

can protozoa survive outside the host organism

yes

amebic dysentery, giardiasis, and vaginitis are examples of

protazoa

lichen, mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, mold, and yeast are examples of

fungi

what does a fungus need to live

moist area and O₂

do fungi live on living or dead things

dead

antibiotics, cheese, bread, beer, and wine are ___________ examples of fungi

industrial

thrush, ringworm, and athlete’s foot are examples of

fungi

chain of infection

what is the purpose of soap when washing hands

friction

what the pathogen can get in

resovoir

what can the infection cycle be broken by

washing hands

prevention is ______ _____

common sense

refers to the treatment of blood and body fluid, requiring them to be treated the same, regardless of patient’s apparent infectious state

universal precautions

barrier techniques are

PPE

clean from ______ contaminated to most _______

least, most

clean from ___ to ______

top, bottom

unpleasant state of tension forewarning danger

anxiety

sudden, unexpected, intense attack of apprehension

panic disorder

_______ _________ manifests though physical symptoms and feelings of impending doom

panic disorder

psychological condition that consists of irrational fear leading to avoidance

phobia

_____ manifests through physical symptoms, and does not need a psychiatric diagnosis

phobia

T or F: of severe enough an already compromised organ can fail due to anxiety

True

drug induced relaxation for unpleasant procedures

conscious sedation

what is the difference between conscious sedation and general anesthesia?

dosage

patient history, physical exam, heart and lung assessment, all known medications, all known allergies, last oral intake and abnormalities of the organ must beknown before

conscious sedation

what medications can be used for conscious sedation

analgesic and antianxiety

two types of antianxiety medications

barbiturate and benzos

what do antianxiety meds act on

limbic system

antianxiety medications block stimulation or increase it

block

antianxiety medications increase

GABA

type of analgesic medication

narcotics

thiopental, methohexital, and phenobarbital are all types of

barbiurates

thiopental induces ____ anesthesia

full

the onset f thiopental is ___ minutes, with sleep duration of about __ minutes

30, 45

pediatric conscious sedation before MRI could be a use for

thiopental

methohexital has ___ onset and _____ duration

rapid, short

which barbiturate is used for brief procedures

methohexital

which barbiturate is used for pediatric CT studies

methohexital

which barbiturate is given to an adult patient the night before and morning of an study to keep them calm

phenobarbital

what reverses the effects of antianxiety drugs

flumazenil

midazolam is an example of a

benzodiazepine

midazolam has a onset of ___ to ___ minutes and a duration of __ minutes

2 to 15, 90

which is more likely to have hangover/amnesia effects benzos or barbiturates

benzos

morphine, meperidine, fentanyl, and dilaudid are expamples of

opiates

______ ______ decrease the perception of pain

opiate analgesics

T or F: midazolam is a barbiurate

false

T or F: methohexital is a benzo

false

T or F: opiate-induced respiratory depression can be treated with naloxone

true

T or F: flumazenil is the antidote for midazolam overdose

true

T or F: benzos can cause drowsiness, hallucinations, and amnesia

true

T or F: combining opiates with benzos may produce synergistsic effects

true