Anatomy Lecture Final (Exams 1-3 + Lecture 10 SG)

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Anatomy

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Anatomy

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152 Terms

Anatomy

the study of body structure

Physiology

examines how the body functions

What are the 2 major body cavities?

dorsal cavity (posterior aspect) ventral cavity

Positive feedback

the outcome amplifies the stimulus

Negative feedback

the outcome negates the stimulus

The main division of bones

axial and appendicular skeleton

<p>axial and appendicular skeleton</p>

Superior

above

Inferior

below

Body planes

transverse frontal sagittal

<p>transverse frontal sagittal</p>

Transverse plane

horizontal

<p>horizontal</p>

Frontal plane

aka coronal plane vertical plane divides body into anterior and posterior sections.

<p>aka coronal plane vertical plane divides body into anterior and posterior sections.</p>

Sagittal

vertical line dividing the body into left and right sections.

<p>vertical line dividing the body into left and right sections.</p>

The visceral pleura is the inner layer covering the

lungs

The study of developmental changes (from conception to birth) is known as

embryologic anatomy

Lateral vs. medial

lateral: away from midline medial: towards midline

<p>lateral: away from midline medial: towards midline</p>

Body membranes

thin sheet of tissues lining the body cavities

3 layers of meninges

dura mater arachnoid pia mater

3 serous membranes

pleura pericardium peritoneum

Visceral layer

covers external surface of organs

Parietal layer

lines internal surface of body wall

pleura

serous membrane lining lungs

Pericardium

two layered serous membrane associated with the heart

Peritoneum

two layered serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity has how many compartments?

9

Abdominopelvic regions

umbilical region epigastric region hypogastric region right/ left hypochondriac regions right/ left lumbar right/ left iliac

<p>umbilical region epigastric region hypogastric region right/ left hypochondriac regions right/ left lumbar right/ left iliac</p>

The body's largest and heaviest organ

the skin

Proximal vs distal

proximal: towards trunk *proximity distal: away from trunk *distant

<p>proximal: towards trunk *proximity distal: away from trunk *distant</p>

Proximal

nearest point of attachment to limb or structure

Contents of ventral cavity

thoracic cavity abdominal cavity pelvic cavity

<p>thoracic cavity abdominal cavity pelvic cavity</p>

Contents of dorsal cavity

the brain and the vertebral cavity that contains the spinal cord CNS

<p>the brain and the vertebral cavity that contains the spinal cord CNS</p>

3 types of cartilage

hyaline cartilage elastic cartilage fibrocartilage

4 types of tissues

epithelial tissue nervous tissue muscle tissue connective tissue

3 categories of dense CT

dense regular CT dense irregular CT elastic CT

The skin's first line of defense is

epithelial tissue

Functions of epithelium

protection secretion absorption lining of cavities

Simple epithelium

single layer of cells with each cell in contact with the basement membrane

Epithelial tissue lines

cavities and surfaces of organs

When epithelium is lining the internal surface of blood vessels it is called

endothelium

At any entrance or exit in the body you can find

epithelial tissue

Diaphragm

separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Prognosis of epithelial injury is

good because epithelium is highly regenerative and heals well.

Meninges cover the

dorsal cavity

Where can you find simple squamous epithelium?

inside blood vessels

Where can you find simple cuboidal epithelium?

kidneys, ovaries, some endocrine

Simple columnar epithelium lines

fallopian tubes, GI tract, respiratory tract, stomach, intestine

Simple ciliated columnar epithelium is found on

trachea and lining airway

Stratified squamous epithelium lines

mouth, esophagus, vagina, hands, feet, eye

Stratified cuboidal epithelium lines

salivary glands, sweat glands, mammary glands

Nonkeratinized stratified epithelium is found on

conjunctiva of the eye, external female genitalia, and some parts of the oral cavity