Organelles- AP Bio

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

The transportation system of the cell. It moves materials around the cell

eukaryote

organism whose cells contain a nucleus

cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant and algae cells that captures energy from the sun and produces food for the plant; where photosynthesis occurs

cell wall

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

cell membrane/plasma membrane

the outside cell boundary that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell

Golgi Body

A structure in a cell that receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.

Lysosome

An organelle containing digestive enzymes that can break down many things in cells.

Mitochondria

organelle that is the site energy production through respiration; more active cells have more mitochondria (ex: muscle cells)

nucleus

Control center of the cell; directs all the activities

ATP

Energy storing molecule in cells composed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

ribosome

Makes proteins

vacuole

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water and food; much larger in plant cells

Fluid Mosaic Model

Basic Structural Model of the plasma membrane

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

cell theory

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Photosynthesis

produces glucose and oxygen in plants by trapping the sunlight

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

unicellular organism

Made of a single cell, lacks a nucleus

Multicellular organisms

Organisms composed of many cells (Ex. tissue, humans, etc.)

Active Transport

Energy-expending progress by which cells transport materials across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient

Organelle

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

Cillia

Tiny hairlike extensions that move together in a sweeping motion

Flagella

whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement

Phospholipids

a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. Makes up the cell membrane.

selectively permeable

a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot

Transport Proteins

membrane proteins that help move substances across a cell membrane

Endocytosis

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

Exocytosis

release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.

Facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Passive Transport

Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient