Neuro Lab Final Ruminants (video)

where can a lesion be localized to?

cerebral

cerebellar

brainstem/ cranial nerves

spinal cord

peripheral nerves

what should you observe from a distance?

behavior

mental status

gait

tremors or seizures

posture of head, neck , and limbs

________ is decreased response to enviro stimuli

depression

_________ is unresponsive to enviro stimuli but responsive to painful stimuli

somnolence

________ is unresponsive to enviro and painful stimuli

coma

what does the cerebrum initiate?

voluntary locomotion

what does the cerebellum do?

fine tunes locomotion

what does the vestibular system do?

maintains balance

what do the spinal cord reflexes do?

maintain locomotion

vestibular ataxia is associated with what?

head tilt

what is present with cerebellar ataxia?

dysmetria

what is present with spinal ataxia?

abnormal proprioception, weakness, absence of intracranial signs

An animal with a wide based stance may localize the disease where?

cerebellum

An animal with a narrow based stance may localize the dz where?

peripheral nerve dz

what are the CN involved with the menace repsonse?

II and VII

what is the normal response of the menace response?

eyelid blink

ocular retraction

head aversion

what CN is PLR testing?

II and III

what should occur with PLR?

constriction of pupil

what must be intact until the optic tract for PLR to be present?

afferent visual pathways

What does CN III innervate?

DR, VR, MR

VO

Levator palpebrae

what does CN IV innervate?

DO

what does CN VI innervate?

LR

RB

What cranial nerves are tested with the palpebral reflex?

CN V and VII

corneal reflex

which CN innervates the muscles of mastication?

CN V

which CN is responsible for facial expression?

CN VII

An animal comes in with a right head tilt, nystagmus, ataxia, and positional strabismus. Based on this you can infer the lesion is localized where?

CN VIII

Which CN are tested using the gag reflex?

IX and X

which CN innervates the tongue?

XII

what is the purpose of postural reactions?

evaluate animals proprioception and their ability to correct it

what are the postural rxns?

hopping

wheelbarrowing

hemistanding

hemiwalking

placing

proprioception

T/F: spinal reflexes are evaluated with the animal in lateral recumbency

true

what nerve does the extensor reflex test?

radial nerve

what is the panniculus reflex testing (2)?

1. sensory inpute of dermatomes from behind scapula to L3

2. motor function of spinal nerves between C8-T2

what is the patellar reflex assessing?

femoral nerve

quadriceps muslce

You are assessing an goat that has come into your clinic. You perform the patellar reflex and it is intact, but you had noticed proprioceptive deficits present when observing his movement earlier. where does this localize the lesion to?

UMN disease

what is the perineal reflex assessing?

pudendal nerves

caudal rectal nerves

what should an animal do when you are assessing the perineal reflex?

contract anal sphincter

ventroflex tail

what nerves are being assessed with the withdrawal reflex in the forelimb?

axillary, median, ulnar nerves

what nerves are being assesses with the withdrawal reflex in the hindlinmb?

sciatic and femoral nerve

A ______ lesion will prevent the affected pupil from dilating in the dark

sympathetic

a ____ lesion will prevent the pupils from constricting in bright light

CN III

T/F: if the intraparenchymal visual pathways are affected by central or cortical blindess there will be an absent menace response ipsilateral to lesion but PLR will be intact

false, there will be an absence menace response but it will be contralateral to the lesion

You are performing a PLR test on an animal and notice abnormal PLR as well as blindness on one side. Where does this localize the lesion?

retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm