INTRO TO MARINE SCIENCE - Lecture 5

Properties of Water

What is an example of a polar covalent bond?

water

Covalent bonds =

strong

Hydrogen Bonds =

weak

Polar Bonds =

weak

The net sum of all the hydrogen bonds in water makes them ______ and responsible for all the __________ of water.

strong, unusual traits

For most substances, solids are ______ dense than gas.

more

With water, _______ is less dense than ______.

solid, gas

From 10-6 degrees C, density of water ________.

increases

At 4 degrees C, liquid water reaches max density of _______.

1 gm/cm³

Between 4-0 degrees C, water becomes slightly ___________.

less dense

At 0 degrees, water goes from _______ to _______ with no change in temperature.

liquid, solid

Roughly how much density does water lose when it goes from liquid to solid?

10%

Saltwater is _______ dense than freshwater.

more

Latent Heat of Fusion

heat required to change a unit mass from a solid to a liquid without changing temperature

What is the effects of latent heat of fusion?

the release of heat during freezing and the absorption of heat during melting; moderates temperature of polar seas

How do the physical states of water change?

addition or loss of heat breaks or forms bonds between molecules to change from one state to another

What is the effect of water changing physical states?

important for the hydrologic cycle and the transfuse of heat between the oceans and atmosphere

Latent Heat of Vaporization

heat required to change a unit of mass from a liquid to gas without changing temperature

What are the effects of latent heat of evaporation?

the release of heat during condensation and the absorption of heat during vaporization — important in controlling sea surface temperature and the transfer of heat in the atmosphere

Density

mass per unit volume: grams/cm³

What are the affects of density?

controls the ocean’s vertical circulation and layering; affects ocean temperature distribution

How many calories do you have to add to get from ice to water?

+80 calories

How many calories do you have to add to get from 0 degrees C to 100 degrees C?

+100 calories

How many calories do you have to add to get from water to water vapor?

+540 calories

What is going from ice to water called?

melting

What is going from 0 degrees C to 100 degrees C called?

warming

What is going from water to water vapor called?

Evaporation

How many calories need to be removed to go from water vapor to water?

-540 calories

How many calories need to be removed to go from 100 degrees C to 0 degrees C?

-100 calories

How many calories need to be removed to go from water to ice?

-80 calories

What is going from water vapor to water called?

condensing

What is going from 100 degrees C to 0 degrees C called?

cooling

What is going from water to ice called?

freezing

How many calories is latent heat of fusion?

80 calories

How many calories is latent heat of vaporization?

540 calories