Due Process and Civil Liberties

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to due process, civil liberties, and important amendments as discussed in your class notes.

Substantive Due Process

Protects people's fundamental rights (like privacy, speech, or marriage) from unfair government laws.

Procedural Due Process

Ensures the government follows fair steps (like a fair trial) before taking away life, liberty, or property.

Writ of Habeas Corpus

A court order requiring that a person be brought before a judge to determine if their detention is legal.

Bail

Money paid to get out of jail while waiting for a trial, ensuring the person returns to court.

Grand Jury

A group of citizens that decides whether there is enough evidence to charge someone with a crime.

Exclusionary Rule

Prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in court.

Double Jeopardy

The constitutional protection against being tried twice for the same crime after a verdict has been reached.

Miranda Rights

Rights that police must inform a detainee of, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.

4th Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, requiring police to have a warrant or probable cause.

5th Amendment

Protects against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and guarantees due process of law.

6th Amendment

Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial, an impartial jury, a lawyer, and witnesses.

8th Amendment

Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail or fines.

9th Amendment

States that people have rights not specifically listed in the Constitution.

14th Amendment

Requires states to provide due process and equal protection under the law, applying most Bill of Rights protections.

Roe v. Wade

Supreme Court case that legalized abortion nationwide under the right to privacy.

Dobbs v. Jackson

Supreme Court case that overturned Roe v. Wade, allowing states to decide their own abortion laws.

Furman v. Georgia

Supreme Court ruling that declared the death penalty was being applied unfairly, violating the 8th Amendment.