SPAUD 210: 4/1

right

if L part of brain is affected (of corticospinal pathway), __ part of body is affected

left

if L part of spinal cord is affected, __ part of body is affected

90%

____% of corticospinal pathway crosses over in the pyramids of the brain to run contralaterally

after birth

when does myelination of the corticospinal pathway occur?

babinski reflex

what are doctors testing when they run a sharp point across the lateral side of the foot

you curl your toes in

what is the reaction to the babinski reflex if your corticospinal system is fine?

you flex your toes out

what is the reaction to the babinski reflex if your corticospinal system is damaged?

corticobulbar tract

what tract hooks up with cranial nerves?

corticospinal tract

what tract hooks up with spinal nerves?

bilateral (some cross, some stay)

how do the nerves of the corticobulbar tract cross?

You survive damage mostly

why is the corticobulbar tract bilateral?

facial nerve

which corticobulbar nerve as actually unilateral?

Fasciculations

twitching of the muscle

Lower motor neuron

fasciculations is a sign of injury in ____

upper and lower motor neurons

muscle weakness is a sign of weakness in ____

upper motor neuron

increased reflexes are a result of injury to the ___

lower motor neuron

decreased reflexes are a result of injury to the ____

paraplegic/quadraplegic

what results from a complete transection of spinal cord

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

hemisection of cord

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

losing pain/temp in one leg, losing 2 point touch/vibration/proprioception in the other leg

fasciculus gracilis and lateral spinothalamic tract

what is damaged with Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Amotrophic lateral sclerosis

degenerative disease of the corticospinal tract

corticospinal tract

what tract does ALS attack?

pons

cerebellum

corpus callosum

thalamus

optic chiasm

spinal meninges

layersof connective tissue surrounding the Central Nervous System

1. dura mater

2. arachnoid mater

3. pia mater

what are the layers of the meninges?

dura mater

strongest/toughest meninge layer, fibrous

arachnoid mater

meninge layer, webby

pia mater

meninge layer, gentle/thin/vascular

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

it's close to the brain

why is meningitis dangerous?

choroid plexus

where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

fluid in the brain

1. bathes the brain

2. acts like a cushion

3. helps remove waste from the brain

4. brings nutrients to the brain

functions of cerebrospinal fluid

plasma

what is CSF similar to?