Cellular Reproduction Flashcards

Flashcards about Cellular Reproduction, covering cell size, cell division, the cell cycle, mitosis, and reproductive cells.

Surface area to volume ratio

The size of a cell is limited by the relationship of the cell’s outer surface area to its volume.

Surface Area

Area covered by the plasma membrane.

Volume

Space taken up by inner contents of the cell.

Cell Division

When a single cell divides into two new daughter cells.

The Three Main Stages of the Cell Cycle

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis.

Interphase

The cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates its DNA.

Sections of Interphase

G1, S, and G2.

G0 (Gap 0)

For nondividing cells; a checkpoint.

Checkpoints

Proteins that regulate the progress of cell division at certain points.

Cancer

Uncontrolled growth and division of cells; a failure in the regulation of the cell cycle.

Carcinogens

Cancer-causing substances

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death.

Cell Cycle

A way for eukaryotic cells to reproduce themselves.

Binary Fission

Prokaryotes divide into 2 identical organisms using this.

Chromosome

A structure in the nucleus that contains DNA.

Chromosome

Contains genetic material and looks like an X.

Sister Chromatid

Each half of the X in a chromosome.

Centromere

The center of a chromosome where the sister chromatids are connected.

Chromatin

Relaxed forms of DNA in the nucleus.

Histone Protein

Chromatin wraps around this to help maintain chromosome shape.

Mitosis

The stage in the cell cycle where the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide.

Subsections of Mitosis

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

Body Cells

Mitosis happens in these

Sperm

Small, have flagellum, produced all the time (Males)

Egg

Large, do not move, produced once a month (Females)