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Surface area to volume ratio
The size of a cell is limited by the relationship of the cell’s outer surface area to its volume.
Surface Area
Area covered by the plasma membrane.
Volume
Space taken up by inner contents of the cell.
Cell Division
When a single cell divides into two new daughter cells.
The Three Main Stages of the Cell Cycle
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis.
Interphase
The cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates its DNA.
Sections of Interphase
G1, S, and G2.
G0 (Gap 0)
For nondividing cells; a checkpoint.
Checkpoints
Proteins that regulate the progress of cell division at certain points.
Cancer
Uncontrolled growth and division of cells; a failure in the regulation of the cell cycle.
Carcinogens
Cancer-causing substances
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death.
Cell Cycle
A way for eukaryotic cells to reproduce themselves.
Binary Fission
Prokaryotes divide into 2 identical organisms using this.
Chromosome
A structure in the nucleus that contains DNA.
Chromosome
Contains genetic material and looks like an X.
Sister Chromatid
Each half of the X in a chromosome.
Centromere
The center of a chromosome where the sister chromatids are connected.
Chromatin
Relaxed forms of DNA in the nucleus.
Histone Protein
Chromatin wraps around this to help maintain chromosome shape.
Mitosis
The stage in the cell cycle where the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide.
Subsections of Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Body Cells
Mitosis happens in these
Sperm
Small, have flagellum, produced all the time (Males)
Egg
Large, do not move, produced once a month (Females)