Cellular Reproduction Flashcards

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Flashcards about Cellular Reproduction, covering cell size, cell division, the cell cycle, mitosis, and reproductive cells.

Biology

Cells

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25 Terms

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Surface area to volume ratio

The size of a cell is limited by the relationship of the cell’s outer surface area to its volume.

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Surface Area

Area covered by the plasma membrane.

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Volume

Space taken up by inner contents of the cell.

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Cell Division

When a single cell divides into two new daughter cells.

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The Three Main Stages of the Cell Cycle

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis.

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Interphase

The cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates its DNA.

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Sections of Interphase

G1, S, and G2.

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G0 (Gap 0)

For nondividing cells; a checkpoint.

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Checkpoints

Proteins that regulate the progress of cell division at certain points.

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Cancer

Uncontrolled growth and division of cells; a failure in the regulation of the cell cycle.

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Carcinogens

Cancer-causing substances

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Apoptosis

Programmed cell death.

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Cell Cycle

A way for eukaryotic cells to reproduce themselves.

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Binary Fission

Prokaryotes divide into 2 identical organisms using this.

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Chromosome

A structure in the nucleus that contains DNA.

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Chromosome

Contains genetic material and looks like an X.

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Sister Chromatid

Each half of the X in a chromosome.

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Centromere

The center of a chromosome where the sister chromatids are connected.

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Chromatin

Relaxed forms of DNA in the nucleus.

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Histone Protein

Chromatin wraps around this to help maintain chromosome shape.

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Mitosis

The stage in the cell cycle where the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide.

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Subsections of Mitosis

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

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Body Cells

Mitosis happens in these

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Sperm

Small, have flagellum, produced all the time (Males)

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Egg

Large, do not move, produced once a month (Females)