Studied by 2 people
Selectively permeable boundary between the cell and its environment
Cell membrane
Helps stabilize the phospholipids by preventing their tails from sticking together
Cholesterol
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Cytoplasm
Circular motion of cytoplasm within cells
Cytoplasmic streaming
Protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Transport system of folded sacs and tunnels
Endoplasmic reticulum
Processing, packaging, and secreting organelle of the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Cellular respiration, makes ATP
Mitochondria
Main energy source that cells use for most of their work
Adenosine Triphosphate
Digestive sac
Lysosome
Framework of the cell
Cytoskeleton
Long, slender tubes that help shape, support the cell, and separate chromosomes
Microtubules
Flexible, thin threads that shape and support and aide in cytoplasmic streaming
Microfilaments
Short hair-like structures outside the cell
Cilia
Tail-like structures outside the cell
Flagella
Directs all cell activities and synthesizes the nucleic acids
Nucleus
Double membrane surrounding the nucleus and contains pores
Nuclear Envelope
Jelly-like material inside the nucleus
Nucleoplasm
Long thin strands of DNA and proteins
Chromatin
Short, condensed and thick form of DNA
Chromosomes
Synthesizes and partially assembles ribosomes
Nucleolus
Aid in cell division and helps build cilia and flagella
Centrioles
Rigid covering of plant cell
Cell wall
Storage sac for plants
Vacuole
Storage sac for animals
Vesticle
Capture solar energy to convert into chemical energy
Plastids
Traps and converts sunlight into chemical energy through chlorophyll
Chloroplast
Traps and converts sunlight into chemical energy through red, orange, and yellow pigment
Chromoplasts
Storage area for starches, proteins, and lipids in a plant
Leucoplasts
What are cells?
Basic unit of a living organism that can carry out all the processes of life
What is the largest known cell?
ostrich's egg
What is an organism?
a living thing
What is a unicelluar organism?
a living thing that consists of only one cell, most numerous
What is a multicellular organism?
a living thing consisting of more than one cell
What is a colonial organism?
a collection of one-celled organisms living together, dependent relationship with other organisms in the colony, some members of the colony are specialized, first evolutionary step from unicellular to multicellular organisms
When did our knowledge of the cell begin?
1665
Who was Robert Hooke (1665)?
observed cork and saw little boxes and names them cells
Who was Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1675)?
a Dutch microscope maker, first to describe living cells
Who was Matthias Schleiden (1838)?
German botanist who concluded all plants are made of cells
Who was Theodor Schwann (1893)?
German zoologist who concluded all animals are made of cells
Who was Rudolph Virochow (1855)?
German physician who determined cells come only from other cells, found the nucleus was responsible for cell division
What is the cell theory?
All living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells
What is the difference between living and non living?
Living must obtain and use energy, able to reproduce, grow and develop, respond to their environment, made up of cells, different levels of organization
What does the nucleus do?
controls all the cells activites
What does DNA do?
directs the formation of the proteins that carry out cell activities
What are organelles?
small specialized structures that performs specific function of the cell
A cell form/shape is a direct reflection of what?
its function
Volume increases more rapidly than what?
surface area
A cell is limited in size by the ratio between its volume and what?
outer surface area
SA/Volume equals
2:1 = cell divides
What is a prokaryotic cell?
cells that lack nuclei and membrane bound organelles
What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
bacteria and blue-green algae
What is a eukaryote cell?
cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, mostly multicellular and larger
What is an example of a eukaryote cell?
plants, animals, fungi, protists
What are the main components of a eukaryotic cells?
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
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