Chemical Reaction Stoichiometry

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25 Terms

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actual yield

The amount of product that is actually obtained from a chemical reaction.

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buret

A piece of laboratory glassware calibrated for measuring the volume of liquid delivered.

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completion

The condition a reaction has reached when the limiting quantity of reactant has been consumed.

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concentrated solution

A solution that has a relatively large amount of solute per volume of solvent.

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concentration

The quantity of solute per unit volume of solution or per unit mass of solvent.

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dilute solution

A solution that has a relatively low amount of solute per volume of solvent.

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dilution

The process of adding more solvent to decrease the concentration of solute in a solution.

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end point

The point in a titration at which the indicator signals that the reaction is complete.

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equivalence point

The point in a titration at which the ratio of moles of reactants is the same as the ratio in the balanced equation.

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Erlenmeyer flask

A flask designed to allow swirling of the liquid contents without spillage.

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excess

The quantity of a reactant that exceeds that which can react with the limiting quantity of another reactant.

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indicator

A compound that has different colors in solutions of different acidities and is used to signal the end of a titration.

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limiting quantity

The quantity of the reactant that will be completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, limiting the quantity of product(s) that can be produced.

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limiting reactant

The reactant that runs out first when a chemical reaction is carried out. The reaction stops at that point, and no more product is formed.

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molar, M

The unit of molarity.

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molarity, M

A measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

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percent yield

The ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

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reacting ratio

A ratio of coefficients from a balanced equation, which represents the ratio of moles of any reactant or product to any other reactant or product in the reaction.

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solute

The component of a solution that is dissolved in another component (the solvent).

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solvent

The component of a solution that does the dissolving.

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standard solution

An aqueous solution whose concentration is known precisely.

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stoichiometry

The determination of how much product a reactant can produce or how much of a product can be produced from a given quantity of another substance in a reaction.

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theoretical yield

The calculated quantity of product that would result from a chemical reaction based on the stoichiometry of the reaction.

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titrant

The solution that is dispensed from the buret in a titration.

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titration

An experimental technique used to determine the concentration of a solution of unknown concentration or the number of moles in an unknown sample of a substance.