(f) ionic bonding

how are ions formed (1.37)

charges of metals in groups 1, 2 and 3 (1.38)

charges of non-metals in groups 5, 6 and 7 (1.38)

charges of metals in groups 1, 2 and 3 (1.38)

silver (1.38 / 1.39)

Ag⁺

copper (1.38 / 1.39)

Cu²⁺

iron (1.38 / 1.39)

Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺

lead (1.38 / 1.39)

Pb²⁺

zinc (1.38 / 1.39)

Zn²⁺

hydrogen (1.38 / 1.39)

H⁺

hydroxide (1.38 / 1.39)

OH^-

ammonium (1.38 / 1.39)

NH₄⁺

carbonate (1.38 / 1.39)

CO₃^2-

nitrate (1.38 / 1.39)

NO₃^-

sulfate (1.38 / 1.39)

SO₄^2-

dot-and-cross diagram (1.40)

ionic bonding in terms of electrostatic attractions (1.41)

giant ionic lattices (1.42)

solid vs aqueous ionic compounds (1.43)

ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid but do conduct electricity when molten and in aqueous solution