Hardy-Weinberg principle
A fundamental concept in population genetics that describes conditions under which allele and genotype frequencies remain constant across generations.
No mutation
A condition stating that the rate of mutation must be negligible for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
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Hardy-Weinberg principle
A fundamental concept in population genetics that describes conditions under which allele and genotype frequencies remain constant across generations.
No mutation
A condition stating that the rate of mutation must be negligible for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Random mating
A condition that requires individuals to mate randomly, without preference for certain genotypes.
No gene flow
The condition requiring no migration of individuals into or out of the population for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
No genetic drift
A condition that states the population must be large enough to avoid random changes in allele frequencies.
No selection
A condition where all genotypes must have equal survival and reproductive rates.
Hardy-Weinberg equations
Equations used to calculate expected allele and genotype frequencies in a population under equilibrium.
Allele frequency equation
p+q=1 where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele.
Genotype frequency equation
p2+2pq+q2=1 which describes the frequencies of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive genotypes.
Frequency of homozygous recessive genotype (q^2)
The value used to calculate q and subsequently p in Hardy-Weinberg problems.
Solving for q
To calculate q, take the square root of the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (q^2).
Finding frequency of dominant allele (p)
Calculated by subtracting q from 1 in Hardy-Weinberg calculations.
Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Changes in allele frequencies due to factors such as mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, or gene flow.