Plant Biology Test Review

Exam 1

Axil

angle between a stem and a leaf/structure occurring at the node

the root cap

What region of the root is an amyoplast located?

Collenchyma

Simple tissue that provides support for developing organs and lies under the epidermis

Pericycle

Area of the root inside the endodermis that functions to continuously divide after maturity to create vascular cambium and lateral roots

Primordia

Any organ at its earliest stage of development

Saprophyte

Organism that lacks chlorophyll and obtains nutrients from organic matter via parasitic roots

How do you properly write a scientific name?

1) underline or italicize genus and species

2) capitalize Genus, leave species lowercase

Protoderm, Procambium, Ground Meristem

What are the 3 primary meristematic tissues (produced by apical meristem)

Carl Linnaeus

Created binomial nomenclature

-ales

Botanical suffix for Order

Nodes, Internodes, Axillary buds

Stems have what structures that roots and leaves do not?

Ferdinand Lindheimer

Father of Texas Botany

Intercalary Meristem

Adds vertical length in monocot plants

-aceae

Botanical suffix for Family

Parenchyma

Simple tissue most common in all plants, serves multiple roles

Spine

Modified leaf

Thorn

Modified stem

Prickle

Modified epidermal layer

4 common traits of all plants

1) chlorophyll a&b

2) carotenoids

3) starch as primary food source

4) cellulose in cell walls

4 reasons we use Latin in Taxonomy

1) Historical

2) Dead language

3) Internationally known

4) Precise & accurate

Monocots

- 1 cotyledon

- parallel venation

- fibrous roots

- vascular bundles scattered

- floral parts in 3s

Dicots

- 2 cotyledons

- netted venatian

- taproots

- vascular bundles in ring

- floral parts in 4-5s

Lignin

Polymer that forms the chief constituent of wood and serves for structural support

Why do woody stems have wider growth rings in spring vs summer?

There are more nutrient and resources available in the spring to create more mass/growth thus producing more wood

Primary xylem

Pericycle

Cortex

Epidermis

Root hair

Endodermis

Vascular Cambium

Primary phloem

Cork

1

Cork cambium

2

cortex

3

Phloem

4

Secondary xylem

5

Pith

6

Vascular cambium

Plant systematics

The development of methods to classify groups of plants

Plant physiology

study of plant function and functioning

Plant taxonomy

study of describing, naming, and classifying plants

Plant anatomy

the study of the internal structure of plants

Meristematic tissue

plant tissue found only in the tips of shoots and roots; responsible for plant growth

Xylem

vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant

Phloem

distributes nutrients throughout the plant

axillary bud

Root nodules

fabaceae

Casparian band

lignin and superin

Rhizome

below-ground stem

Stolon

above-ground stem

Apical, Lateral, Intercalary

What are the 3 types of meristems?