Chapter 9, 14 - Group Development

Competency 2

1) Which of the following is true regarding formal groups?

A) They are natural formations that arise in response to the need for social contact.
B) They lack clearly defined structures and roles for their members.
C) They have negligible impact on employee performance and behavior.
D) A group of people who come together to protest against a new law make up a formal group.
E) They are marked by stipulated behaviors in pursuit of organizational goals.

E) They are marked by stipulated behaviors in pursuit of organizational goals.

2) Our tendency to take personal pride or offense for the accomplishments of a group we are a part of is the territory of the ________ theory.

A) social exchange
B) expectancy
C) Social identity
D) Reinforcement
E) Equity

C) Social Identity

3) Most people assume that police officers should behave in a lawful manner, refrain from demonstrating favoritism to any particular group, and do their best to uphold the law. Which of the following terms best represents these beliefs?

A) Diversity
B) Similarity
C) Role Expectation
D) Uncertainty Reduction
E) Dispersion of Responsibility

C) Role Expectation

4) Michael is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion, but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Michael would like the promotion but realizes that it would force him to miss some church activities. In this situation, Michael is most likely to experience ________.

A) Role Conflict
B) Social Loafing
C) Groupthink
D) Role Fuzziness
E) Groupshift

A) Role Conflict

5) ________ refers to the adjustment of one's behavior to align with the norms of the group.

A) Deviance
B) Conflict
C) Divergence
D) Conformity
E) Appearance

D) Conformity

6) According to status characteristics theory, which of the following factors does not determine status?

A) Control over the resources needed by the group.
B) Contribution to Goals
C) Ability to conform to group norms.
D) Personality
E) Talent

C) Ability to conform to group norms.

7) Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing?

A) Increasing the rewards the group is given if it succeeds.
B) Increasing the amount by which the group’s progress is monitored.
C) Ensuring the individual contributions to the group’s outcome are identified.
D) Increasing the size of the group.
E) Increasing the group’s workload.

C) Ensuring the individual contributions to the group’s outcome are identified.

8) ________ refers to the degree to which members are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group.

A) Assertiveness
B) Social Dominance
C) Authoritativeness
D) Cohesiveness
E) Diversity

D) Cohesiveness

9) When compared to individual decision making, group decision making has a disadvantage in the area of ________.

A) Diversity
B) Creativity
C) Acceptance of Final Solutions
D) Speed
E) Accuracy

D) Speed

9) When compared to individual decision making, group decision making has a disadvantage in the area of ________.

A) Increase the group size.
B) Encourage group leaders to develop a stronger sense of group identity.
C) Prevent all team members from engaging in a critical evaluation of ideas at the beginning.
D) Ask the group members to first focus on the positives of an alternative rather than the negatives.
E) Seek input from employees before the group leader presents his or her opinions.

E) Seek input from employees before the group leader presents his or her opinions.

11) In discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution, group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions they hold. This phenomenon is called ________.

A) Social Desirability Bias
B) Groupshift
C) Halo Effect
D) Social Loafing
E) Ingroup Favoritism

B) Groupshift

1) According to the traditional view of conflict, all conflict is ________.

A) Harmful and must be avoided.
B) Naturla and helps generate discussion.
C) Necessary and improves creativity of group.
D) Healthy and improves productivity.
E) Rational and cannot be avoided.

A) Harmful and must be avoided.

2) Studies demonstrate that ________ conflicts are almost always ________.

A) Relationship; formal
B) Relationship; informal
C) Relationship; dysfunctional
D) Relationship; functional
E) Task; reactive

C) Relationship; dysfunctional

3) A party who seeks to appease an opponent may be willing to place the opponent's interests above his or her own, sacrificing to maintain the relationship. We refer to this conflict-handling intention as ________.

A) Collaborating
B) Avoiding
C) Compromising
D) Competing
E) Accommodating

E) Accommodating

4) Conflict is dysfunctional when it ________.

A) Provides a medium to release tension
B) Reduces group cohesiveness
C) Fosters an environment of self-evaluation
D) Provides a means for expressing frustration
E) Leads to change

B) Reduces group cohesiveness