WEEK 9 REVIEW

G-proteins

Heterotrimeric proteins composed of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, involved in GPCR activation.

Ligand binding

The initial step of GPCR activation where a ligand binds to the receptor, causing a conformational change.

Gα

The alpha subunit of the G-protein that binds GDP or GTP and activates different signaling pathways.

GDP to GTP exchange

The process where GDP is replaced by GTP on Gα, activating the G-protein.

Gβγ

The beta-gamma subunits of the G-protein that can trigger other signaling pathways and modulate ion channels.

Second messengers

Molecules produced as a result of Gα activating target enzymes, such as cAMP, IP3, or DAG.

mAChR

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, a type of metabotropic receptor that interacts with G-proteins.

K+ efflux

The movement of potassium ions out of the cell, leading to hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell.

Endocannabinoids

Lipid-based retrograde messengers synthesized on demand in the nervous system, such as AEA and 2-AG.

CB1 receptors

Cannabinoid receptors primarily found in the central nervous system, involved in modulating various brain functions.

CB2 receptors

Cannabinoid receptors primarily found in the immune system, involved in inflammation and immune responses.

Retrograde signaling

A signaling process where endocannabinoids travel from postsynaptic to presynaptic neurons.

Short-term synaptic depression

A temporary reduction in neurotransmitter release due to the activity of endocannabinoids.

Long-term depression (LTD)

A sustained reduction of synaptic strength, contributing to learning and memory, mediated by endocannabinoids.

DAGL enzyme

An enzyme involved in the synthesis of 2-AG, one of the primary endocannabinoids.