Unit 4 EMT - Allied Medical Training

Which type of intracranial hemorrhage often presents with an acute transient loss of consciousness followed by rapid deterioration if untreated?

Epidural hematoma

What is a characteristic symptom of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Sudden onset of severe headache described as a "thunderclap"

Where does blood accumulate in a subdural hematoma?

Between dura and arachnoid mater

What motor abnormality is more commonly associated with intracranial hemorrhage?

Abnormal size or response of pupils

Which type of intracranial hemorrhage results from bleeding into the tissue of the brain?

Intracerebral hemorrhage

What is the main cause of altered consciousness due to hypoglycemia?

Reduced blood glucose levels

What is a key feature of an opioid overdose?

Constricted pupils

What distinguishes a hemorrhagic stroke from a non-hemorrhagic stroke?

Hemorrhagic stroke involves rupture of a cerebral artery, while non-hemorrhagic stroke results from an arterial blockage.

Which symptom should raise suspicion of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Sudden severe headache

What is the immediate cause of tissue injury and death in a stroke?

Hypoxia due to reduced oxygen supply

What is the recommended action if a patient suspected of having a stroke has pulse oximetry reading below 94%?

Provide supplemental oxygen immediately

How long do symptoms typically last in a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?

24 hours or less

Which type of seizure involves an aura and uncontrollable jerking of one area of the body?

Partial seizure

What is the recommended position for a patient having a seizure?

Recovery position

What is a common characteristic of a Generalized seizure (Grand Mal)?

Patient may have amnesia for the event

What is the primary goal of EMT management in a patient suspected of having a stroke?

Perform rapid transport to the hospital

What is a characteristic feature of absence seizures in children?

Loss of awareness

What are the two main divisions of the neurological system?

Central and peripheral nervous system

Which part of the brain coordinates voluntary movement and ensures balance?

Cerebellum

What is the function of the reticular activating system (RAS)?

Controls consciousness and attention

Which structure is responsible for linking the nervous system to the endocrine system and regulating homeostasis?

Hypothalamus

What is the primary function of the blood-brain barrier?

To protect the brain from certain substances

Which layer of the meninges is tightly adherent to the brain and very vascular?

Pia mater

What is the main function of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

To act as a cushion protecting the brain

Which structure of the eye is responsible for adjusting the pupil size based on light conditions?

Iris

What is the main function of the optic nerve?

To transmit impulses from the retina to the brain

Which cranial nerve is primarily affected in Bell's Palsy?

Cranial nerve VII

What happens to the pupils in response to bright light?

They constrict

What is the function of the conjunctiva?

To protect the anterior sclera and provide lubrication

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response?

Sympathetic nervous system

What neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

Epinephrine

Which response is mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Rest and relaxation phase

How is the central nervous system evaluated in terms of appearance and behavior?

Assessing the patient's posture and facial expressions

What does the AVPU mnemonic stand for in assessing level of consciousness?

Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive

How is mood assessed in a patient?

By observing facial expressions, posture, and language content

Which of the following are components of the autonomic nervous system?

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems