Biology: Page 4

Flashcards based on plant cell organelles, cell transport, and membrane structures.

What controls water and cattle in a cell?

Cell Membrane

What part of the cell contains DNA and controls cell activities?

Nucleus

What modifies proteins from the RER and lipids from the SER?

Golgi Apparatus

Which organelle generates ATP for energy?

Mitochondria

What contains red pigments and other organelles?

Chromoplasts

What is studded with ribosomes and produces/processes proteins?

Rough ER (RER)

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Chloroplasts

What provides structure to the cell and prevents bursting?

Cell Wall

What creates lipids, and stores and transports lipids/proteins?

Smooth ER (SER)

What is used for storage, contains enzymes, can create turgidity?

Vacuole

What are three main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic: No true nucleus, DNA is not membrane-bound, 1-10 micrometers, Unicellular. Eukaryotic: True nucleus, DNA in a membrane-bound nucleus, 10-100 micrometers, Often multicellular.

What is another name for the cell membrane?

The Phospholipid Bilayer

What is the cell membrane made up of?

Phospholipids, Surface Proteins, Integral Proteins, Carbohydrate Chains, Cholesterol, Receptors, Carrier Proteins

What is the main difference between active and passive transport?

Active: Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient. Passive: Movement of molecules with their concentration gradient.

What is the main difference between simple and facilitated diffusion?

Simple: Molecules diffuse directly pass through the cell membrane. Facilitated: Larger molecules pass through using transport proteins.

What are the differences between endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis?

Endocytosis: Cell membrane takes in macromolecules by folding in on itself, forming new vesicles. Exocytosis: Internal vesicles containing molecules fuse with the cell surface to release contents. Pinocytosis: The ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. Phagocytosis: The ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans.

Define osmosis.

The diffusion of water from a high water concentration to a low water concentration.

Define the term 'equilibrium' in the context of osmosis.

When there are equal concentrations of water on both sides of the cell membrane.

Define a semi-permeable membrane.

A cell membrane that involves the process of active/passive transport and osmosis for certain molecules.