sigma fanum tax chptr 6

The Cotton Gin

A development in the 1790s that led to the expansion of southern plantation agriculture.

The Louisiana Purchase

An event that expanded the region where slavery could be practiced.

Roles of enslaved people

They worked in cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco, and hemp production, as well as in industrial sectors such as salt mines and iron works.

Northern and Southern economies link

The North relied on Southern raw materials like cotton, while the South depended on the North for tools, textiles, and manufactured goods.

Impact of slavery on Native Americans

White settlers pushed natives through forced removal, warfare, and treaties.

States where slavery was most important

Lower South: Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, Arkansas, and Texas.

The new Middle Passage

Forced enslaved people from Upper South to the Lower South through domestic slave trade, traveling through coffils.

Impact of the new Middle Passage on Black families

Separated families, disrupted marriages, left enslaved people isolated and humiliated.

New traumas faced by enslaved people

Harsher labor, degrading auctions, physical inspections, and stricter control from White owners.

Denmark Vesey

Planned a slave revolt in Charleston and was executed along with others.

David Walker

A free Black abolitionist who published Walker's Appeal, calling for resistance to slavery and condemning it.

Nat Turner

An enslaved preacher who led a violent uprising in Virginia.

Response from establishment whites to Vesey, Walker, and Turner

Increased repression, harsher slave codes, censorship such as gag rule, ban on literacy, and surveillance of both enslaved and free people.

Events aboard the Amistad and the Creole

Both were successful ship revolts, and courts freed Amistad rebels.

Everyday resistance to slavery

Engagement in theft and feigned illness.

Efforts to run away from slavery

Escapes were dangerous and rare; some people did escape, such as Harriet Tubman.

Building community and culture despite slavery

Enslaved people formed the 'invisible church', passed down skills and survival tactics, formed unions, and maintained broad family ties for emotional and communal support.

Extent of culture and families in surviving slavery

Family, religion, and culture gave enslaved people identity, emotional strength, and a sense of hope.