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What were some key Concepts of FIFA’s Human Rights Policy?
States must protect human rights.
Businesses (Like FIFA) must avoid contributing to rights violations.
Victims must have access to remedies.
Why is Saudi Arabia being awarded the 2034 World Cup raising concerns?
Saudi Arabia has a track record of human rights violations.
FIFA’s limited ability to influence authoritarian regimes.
The decision reflects economic motivations (sponsorships) rather than ethical considerations.
What were some Critiques of this Decision?
Past events (such as Russia 2018) did not lead to lasting human rights improvements.
FIFA’s justification: Potential for human rights progress is contractied by evidence
What is Sportswashing and Attention Economy according to Millington & Wilson-Liv Golf?
Sportswashing: Using sports to distract from negative political issues or improve global image (soft power strategy).
Attention Economy: Attention = Value; sports attract real-time engagement, making it commercially and plotically valuable.
What were some Key insights found by Millington & Wilson?
Saudi Arabia funds LIV golf to:
Gain soft power.
Associate the regime with high-profile Western sports.
Compete with Pthe GA and reshape global golf.
What were some Criticisms of this move?
LIV Golf is seen as a PR move, not a profitable venture.
Golfers (eg. Phil Micelson) were paid millions, leading to ethical questions.
Critics point out hypocrisy and complicity in authoritarian image laundering.
What were the key findings of Fetter et al’s study on Social Media Influencers?
75% of young Canadians (ages 16-30) aspire to be influencers- the main reasons:
Money.
Free products.
Perceived fun.
What were the three concerns brought up by Fetter et al?
Trust: Many influencers promote products they don’t believe in.
Health Risk: 1 in 3 young people trust health influencers more than doctors.
Monetization is rare: Success is limited to a few; most struggle with:
Algorithms,
unpredictable income.
Lack of regulation or support.
What were the Disadvantages brought up by Fetter et al?
Mental and Physical stress.
Cyberbullying.
Policy shifts (eg. Bill C-11) threaten visbility.
Platform bans.
What were the Core challenges brought up by Arsel & Zanette- Influencer Marketing: Trust Over Metrics?
Determining Value: Brands and influencers struggle to measure ROI fairly.
Creative Control: Excessive brand control kills authenticity and reduces influencer-aduience trust.
What were the Key Tensions discussed?
Paymement Models:
Upfront payments risky for brands.
Commission-based unfair to influencers (due to variables beyond their control).
Influencer Autonomy:
Overregulation undermines creativity.
Leads to distrust and fake follower inflation.
What were some recommendations for influencers noted?
Learn business skills or hire support.
Form collectives to advocate for rights and fair practices.
What were some recommendations for Brands?
Respect influencer voice to preserve authenticity.
Don’t obess over metrics- buid long-term, trust-based relationships.
What was an example of Sportswashing used in Lecture?
1936 Berlin Olympics: Nazi-Germany used the Olympics to project a peaceful image.
What were the two examples of Influencer Scandals presented in lecture?
SHEIN trip: PR-led influencer tour to whitewash labor abuse.
Ozempic + Weight Loss Influencers: Raises ethics around body positivity and medical influence.
What were the two examples given in lecture about Media trust shifts?
Growing distrust in traditional media.
TikTok and Instagram now primary info sources- but without journalistic accountability.