Western Art Exam 1: Lecture 1-6

Palette of King Narmer, Egypt, Early Dynastic Period, c. 3135 B.C. Ancient Egyptian civilization was based: (1) On the southern side of the Mediterranean Sea; (2) On the northern side of the Mediterranean Sea

(1) On the southern side of the Mediterranean Sea

What important political event took place in Egypt at the outset of the Early Dynastic period? (1) Foreign invaders overthrew the Egyptian pharaoh; (2) Upper and Lower Egypt became politically separate, under two pharaohs; (3) Upper and Lower Egypt were unified under one pharaoh

(3) Upper and Lower Egypt were unified under one pharaoh

Which factor made it possible for Egyptians to dedicate more labor to art and architecture than other ancient cultures? (1) Invention of fire to cook food; (2) High fertility of the Nile’s soil; (3) Hot, dry desert around the Nile valley

(2) High fertility of the Nile’s soil

Which aspect of ancient Egyptian culture can be described as “anagogical”? (1) Strong belief in an afterlife and spirit world; (2) Use of papyrus to make paper; (3) Large labor surplus from high agricultural yields

(1) Strong belief in an afterlife and spirit world

The Palette of King Narmer was created at the beginning of which period? (1) Predynastic; (2) Early Dynastic; (3) Old Kingdom

(2) Early Dynastic

The Palette of King Narmer and the 9/11 firefighters’ memorial are both: (1) Freestanding sculptures; (2) Relief sculptures

(2) Relief sculptures

Which word means “lasting for a short time”? (1) durable; (2) ephemeral

(2) ephemeral

The shape of the Palette mimics the shape of an Egyptian: (1) arrowhead; (2) dinner plate; (3) makeup compact

(3) makeup compact

The Palette of King Narmer is the earliest surviving: (1) Work to depict a king; (2) Work depicting a namable historical figure; (3) Work including an Old Kingdom hieroglyph

(2) Work depicting a namable historical figure

The symbol in the upper register center is: (1) Hieroglyph for the Nile; (2) Falcon-headed god Horus; (3) Royal insignia bearing Narmer’s name

(3) Royal insignia bearing Narmer’s name

The bowling pin-shaped hat Narmer wears (front side) symbolizes: (1) Rule over Upper Egypt; (2) Rule over Lower Egypt; (3) Rule over the Mediterranean

(1) Rule over Upper Egypt

What do we call a symbolic object/visual feature that helps identify a figure? (1) Stylistic characteristic; (2) Perspectival technique; (3) Iconographic attribute

(3) Iconographic attribute

In the middle register (front), the large figure of Narmer is: (1) Bestowing a title on an ally; (2) Making peace with an opponent; (3) Ceremonially executing an enemy ruler; (4) Killing an enemy soldier in battle

(3) Ceremonially executing an enemy ruler

In the middle register (front), the hawk with a human arm represents: (1) Narmer’s defeated enemy; (2) Narmer in the form of the god Horus

(2) Narmer in the form of the god Horus

The figure shown (beheaded foe) represents: (1) The ruler of Lower Egypt defeated by Narmer; (2) The ruler of Upper Egypt defeated by Narmer; (3) The god Hathor

(1) The ruler of Lower Egypt defeated by Narmer

On the back side, the two beasts with intertwined necks probably symbolize: (1) Body–soul (Ka) relationship; (2) Union of Isis and Osiris; (3) Dichotomy of good and evil; (4) Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt

(4) Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt

What do the subject matters of Narmer’s Palette and the 9/11 memorial have in common? (1) Royal feast; (2) Supernatural beings; (3) Victims of violence; (4) Ceremonial procession

(3) Victims of violence

Another name for stylistic analysis is: (1) Iconographic analysis; (2) Formal analysis

(2) Formal analysis

Compared to the figures in the 9/11 memorial, the figures in Narmer’s Palette are: (1) More naturalistic; (2) More abstract

(2) More abstract

Creating the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface is called: (1) Perspective; (2) Depth; (3) Iconography; (4) Composition

(1) Perspective

The arrangement of forms within a work of art is called: (1) Perspective; (2) Depth; (3) Iconography; (4) Composition

(4) Composition

When comparing Narmer’s Palette to packed suitcases photos, which stylistic variable were we considering? (1) perspective; (2) scale; (3) composition; (4) proportion

(3) composition

Compared to Narmer’s Palette, the older predynastic wall painting composition appears more: (1) regular; (2) symmetrical; (3) irregular; (4) planned

(3) irregular

Pyramids of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, Giza, Old Kingdom, 2600–2500 B.C. The Egyptian word ‘ka’ refers to: (1) god of death/resurrection; (2) spirit or soul of an individual; (3) divine right of the Pharaoh; (4) priest in a temple

(2) spirit or soul of an individual

The basic concepts to begin analyzing architecture are: (1) materials and size; (2) form and function; (3) location and shape; (4) plan and elevation

(2) form and function

The main function of the pyramids was: (1) temple; (2) royal palace; (3) royal tomb; (4) administrative center

(3) royal tomb

How tall is the Great Pyramid (Khufu’s)? (1) 181 ft; (2) 281 ft; (3) 381 ft; (4) 481 ft

(4) 481 ft

The Great Pyramid was the world’s largest human-made structure until: (1) Roman Empire (c. 100 AD); (2) Middle Ages (c. 1100 AD); (3) Renaissance (1400s AD); (4) Modern era (20th century)

(2) Middle Ages (c. 1100 AD)

The exterior surface of the pyramids was originally: (1) decorated with murals; (2) embedded with jewels; (3) highly polished

(3) highly polished

In what sense can the pyramids’ formal qualities be described as ‘anagogical’? (1) Symbolize unification of Upper & Lower Egypt; (2) Symbolize belief in the afterlife; (3) Reflect highly abstract style of Egyptian art

(2) Symbolize belief in the afterlife

*When analyzing religious art, the “two M’s” are: (1) Mars and Mercury; (2) Morality and Mysticism; (3) Materials and Method

(2) Morality and Mysticism

Which aspect of the pyramids connects to the moral (not mystical) dimension? (1) Upward-pointing shape; (2) Alignment with Osiris constellation; (3) Upward-sloping ‘air ducts’; (4) Possibility they were built by slave labor

(4) Possibility they were built by slave labor)

The smallest of the three Giza pyramids belonged to: (1) Narmer; (2) Khafre; (3) Khufu; (4) Menkaure

(4) Menkaure

Menkaure and a Queen: The primary “anagogical” purpose of this statue was to: (1) intimidate subjects; (2) serve as alternate vessel for the pharaoh’s ka; (3) provide aesthetic enjoyment; (4) display refined taste

(2) serve as alternate vessel for the pharaoh’s ka

In ancient Egypt, “one who keeps alive” referred to: (1) sculptors; (2) agricultural workers; (3) pharaohs; (4) concubines

(1) sculptors

A “portrait” is representation of: (1) a human face (e.g., emoji); (2) a specific person (e.g., President Kennedy); (3) a generic human character (e.g., a baseball player)

(2) a specific person (e.g., President Kennedy)

The pose of Menkaure expresses: (1) freedom of movement and unshakable stability; (2) easy-going personality and fragility; (3) disdain for enemies and worry for people

(1) freedom of movement and unshakable stability

In facial physiognomy, the creases between eyebrows are called: (1) glabellar lines; (2) periorbital lines (wrinkle around eyes)

(1) glabellar lines

Compared to official portraits of U.S. presidents, Egyptian pharaonic portraiture conveys: (1) greater concern for administrative tasks; (2) greater detachment from emotional ups and downs; (3) greater affection for subjects; (4) more complex emotional life

(2) greater detachment from emotional ups and downs)

Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt. Where is this image located? (1) Egyptian tomb; (2) Egyptian temple; (3) Egyptian sports bar

(1) Egyptian tomb

Which term derives from Greek for “another sense”? (1) anagogy; (2) physiognomy; (3) philosophy; (4) allegory

(4) allegory)

At the literal level, the work depicts: (1) Royal official hunting on the Nile; (2) Conquest of order over chaos

(1) Royal official hunting on the Nile)

At the allegorical level, the work depicts: (1) Royal official hunting on the Nile; (2) Conquest of order over chaos

(2) Conquest of order over chaos)

Ti’s social status is indicated by: (1) direct involvement in the hunt; (2) abstract style of his depiction; (3) vigorous movement; (4) a hieroglyph of his title

(2) abstract style of his depiction

Who contributed to theory of art and social class? (1) Menkaure; (2) Howard Carter; (3) Leon Trotsky; (4) George Patton

(3) Leon Trotsky

In Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt, the low-class servants at the front of the boat are depicted: (1) More naturalistically than Ti; (2) More abstractly than Ti

(1) More naturalistically than Ti)

Portrait of Sesostris III (fragment), Middle Kingdom, c. 1850 B.C. During which period did Sesostris III reign? (1) Pre-dynastic; (2) Old Kingdom; (3) Middle period; (4) New Kingdom

(3) Middle period

What political event took place at the start of the Early Dynastic period? (1) Egypt fell into political instability; (2) Upper & Lower Egypt unified under a single pharaoh

(2) Upper & Lower Egypt unified under a single pharaoh)

What political event took place at the outset of the Middle period? (1) Egypt fell into instability and Upper & Lower Egypt became separate; (2) Upper & Lower Egypt unified under a single pharaoh

(1) Egypt fell into instability and Upper & Lower Egypt became separate)

The face of Sesostris seems to express: (1) detachment from emotional ups and downs; (2) joy in reaching the divine realm; (3) concern about political turmoil

(3) concern about political turmoil)

Thinking about viewer unease/anxiety in Sesostris’s time concerns which level of analysis? (1) Subject; (2) Style; (3) Significance

(3) Significance)

Compared to the mouth creases, the glabellar lines of Sesostris appear: (1) slightly more abstract; (2) slightly more naturalistic

(2) slightly more abstract

Noticing that glabellar lines are incised rather than modeled is which level? (1) Subject; (2) Style

(2) Style

Great Temple of Amun at Karnak: Primary function of Egyptian temples was: (1) Home on earth for a god; (2) Tombs for royal officials; (3) Living quarters for working-class Egyptians

(1) Home on earth for a god)

This temple was dedicated to: (1) Amun; (2) Zeus; (3) Osiris; (4) Narmer

(1) Amun)

‘Pylon temple’ derives from: (1) God named Pylon; (2) Large gates with sloping sides dividing sections; (3) Axial arrangement

(2) Large gates with sloping sides dividing sections)

First thing encountered when approaching: (1) Hypostyle hall; (2) Pylon; (3) Tomb

(2) Pylon)

Amun temple vs Disneyland comparison: (1) Access only for wealthy; (2) Both provide relief from drudgery; (3) Both are artificial environments that create another world; (4) Both move visitors by boat

(3) Both are artificial environments that create another world)

In architecture, ‘axial’ means: (1) Components organized along a line; (2) Organized around a central point

(1) Components organized along a line)

Which organism displays centrality (not axiality)? (1) Starfish; (2) Human being

(1) Starfish)

The plan of the Great Temple of Amun is primarily: (1) central; (2) axial; (3) mixed

(2) axial)

Weighing of the Heart & Judgment of Osiris (Book of the Dead of Hunefer) — Which is NOT a New Kingdom feature? (1) Afterlife for everyone; (2) Behavior in this life correlates to fate in next; (3) Afterlife only for pharaohs & priests

(3) Afterlife only for pharaohs & priests)

Purpose of the Egyptian Book of the Dead: (1) Beautify tomb; (2) Record taxes; (3) Guide/protect the ka in the afterlife

(3) Guide/protect the ka in the afterlife)

This scene depicts: (1) Hunefer judged in the afterlife; (2) Hunefer punished for sins; (3) Hunefer’s funeral

(1) Hunefer judged in the afterlife)

In the continuous narrative (lower register), Hunefer appears: (1) once; (2) twice; (3) three times; (4) four times

(3) three times)

The object in Horus’s hand is: (1) ankh; (2) nemes; (3) flail; (4) crook

(1) ankh)

The ankh means: (1) catfish; (2) eternal life; (3) lower Egypt

(2) eternal life)

Comparing the composition of the image and a prayer from the Book of the Dead: (1) No resemblance; (2) Both formal & repetitious; (3) Prayer loose & informal while image is formal & repetitious

(3) Prayer loose & informal while image is formal & repetitious)

Portrait Bust of Queen Nefertiti — Nefertiti was mother of which pharaoh? (1) Narmer; (2) Menkaure; (3) Sesostris III; (4) Tutankhamun

(4) Tutankhamun)

Physical desire aroused by beauty is: (1) moral desire; (2) sensual desire; (3) intellectual desire; (4) spiritual desire

(2) sensual desire)

Nefertiti’s expression conveys: (1) hostility/aggression; (2) vulnerability/naïveté; (3) serene, detached composure; (4) anxious concern

(3) serene, detached composure)

Tutankhamun’s modern fame derives from: (1) Influential pharaoh; (2) Only intact pharaonic tomb; (3) Tomb robbed; (4) First identifiable pharaoh

(2) Only intact pharaonic tomb)

Tutankhamun reigned during the: (1) Early Dynastic; (2) Old Kingdom; (3) Middle Period; (4) New Kingdom

(4) New Kingdom)

The headdress on Tut’s mask is called: (1) nemes; (2) ankh; (3) crook; (4) flail

(1) nemes)

The mask’s gold expresses the pharaoh’s: (1) power & divinity; (2) humility

(1) power & divinity)

Comparing media: Tut’s gold mask vs Nefertiti — gold makes Tut: (1) more naturalistic; (2) more abstract; (3) less desirable to robbers

(2) more abstract)

Greek cultural revolution century: (1) 7th; (2) 6th; (3) 5th

(3) 5th)

Name of the architectural form represented by the symbol (temple front): (1) Greek temple front; (2) Pylon; (3) Triumphal arch

(1) Greek temple front)

Political development in 5th-century Greece: (1) Democracy; (2) Communism; (3) Egypt conquers Greece

(1) Democracy)

Philosophical development in 5th-century Greece: (1) Free inquiry & skepticism; (2) Adopt Persian religion

(1) Free inquiry & skepticism)

Which did NOT occur in 5th-century BC Greece? (1) Democritus wrote a book defending belief in spirits & ghosts; (2) Pericles developed early democratic theories

(1) Democritus wrote a book defending belief in spirits & ghosts)

Metropolitan Kouros, Athens, c. 600 B.C. The Greek ‘cultural revolution’ occurred in which century? (1) 7th; (2) 6th; (3) 5th

(3) 5th)

During that revolution, developments took place in: (1) Politics; (2) Philosophy; (3) Art & architecture; (4) All of the above

(4) All of the above)

When was the Metropolitan Kouros made (relative to the 5th-century revolution)? (1) Before; (2) During; (3) After

(1) Before)

In Greek, ‘kouros’ means: (1) God; (2) Athlete; (3) Young man; (4) Soldier

(3) Young man)

The ‘Metropolitan’ Kouros is so named because it is in: (1) Getty; (2) Metropolitan Museum (NYC); (3) Legion of Honor (SF)

(2) Metropolitan Museum (NYC))

Kouros statues functioned as: (1) Grave markers; (2) Votive offerings; (3) Both 1 & 2

(3) Both 1 & 2)

A ‘votive offering’ is: (1) Part of democratic voting; (2) An offering made as part of a pledge/prayer to a divinity

(2) An offering made as part of a pledge/prayer to a divinity)

Which aspect shows Egyptian influence on the Metropolitan Kouros? (1) Pose; (2) Nudity; (3) Hairstyle

(1) Pose)

Coverage spectrum relative to Menkaure: (1) Metropolitan Kouros less covered; (2) More covered

(1) Metropolitan Kouros less covered)

For Greeks, the male nude expressed: (1) Sinfulness & vice; (2) Strength & virtue

(2) Strength & virtue)

Compared with Menkaure, the Metropolitan Kouros is: (1) More naturalistic; (2) More abstract

(2) More abstract)

Anavysos Kouros, Athens, c. 525 B.C. When was it made relative to the 5th-century revolution? (1) Before; (2) During; (3) After

(1) Before)

Anavysos Kouros statues functioned as: (1) Grave markers; (2) Votive offerings; (3) Both 1 & 2

(3) Both 1 & 2)

The base inscription is best described as: (1) Prayer for afterlife admission; (2) Mournful tribute to bravery in battle; (3) Tribute to Ares; (4) Reference to piety/spirit world

(2) Mournful tribute to bravery in battle)

Anavysos Kouros is closest to Menkaure in: (1) Nudity; (2) Pose; (3) Hairstyle

(2) Pose)

Compared to the Metropolitan Kouros, the Anavysos Kouros is: (1) Earlier & more naturalistic; (2) Later & more naturalistic; (3) Earlier & more abstract; (4) Later & more abstract

(2) Later & more naturalistic)

Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Roman marble copy after Greek bronze original, c. 450 B.C.). When relative to the revolution? (1) Before; (2) During; (3) After

(2) During)

‘Doryphoros’ means: (1) Discus-thrower; (2) Male deity; (3) Spear-bearer; (4) Priest

(3) Spear-bearer)

Why are Roman copies important? (1) More skillful; (2) Rarer/more valuable; (3) Many Greek originals lost, copies preserve appearance

(3) Many Greek originals lost, copies preserve appearance)