CSC309 - Introduction to Web Development
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43 Terms
transmission control protocol (TCP)
uses port numbers to allow multiple virtual connections to share a single physical IP addresses
domain name system (DNS)
maps IP addresses to domain names to improve readability and accessibility
hypertext transmission protocol secure (https)
distributes and accesses hypertext documents like webpages; knows the domain but not the contents
stateless server
does not store old client interactions server-side; may give the user cookies to pass back information
stateful server
stores old client interactions server-side; may react differently to the same input
<html> element
states the document type as hypertext
<head> element
stores document title, descriptions, and metadata
<body> element
stores all page content (header, main, footer, heading, paragraph, etc.)
cascading style sheet (CSS)
describes the presentation of a document in markup languages; multiple rules can apply to the same element through targeting
CSS specificity hierarchy
!important > IDs > classes, attributes, pseudo-classes > elements, pseudo-elements > order in sheet
# (CSS selector)
ID selector
. (CSS selector)
class selector
: (CSS selector)
pseudo-class selector; includes hover, first child, last child, etc.
:: (CSS selector)
pseudo-element selector; includes first letter, first line, before, after, etc.
no space (CSS delimiter)
AND combination
, (CSS delimiter)
OR combination
space (CSS delimiter)
targets second type elements that are descendants of first type
> (CSS delimiter)
targets second type elements that are the immediate child of first type
+ (CSS delimiter)
styles element that immediately follows another on the same level
box model
describes the order of wrapping around each element; content → padding → border → margin
static position
positions elements by default; begins at top left and spaces them across then down
relative position
positions elements relative to its static position using top, left, bottom, or right properties
absolute position
positions elements relative to the nearest element that is not static (i.e., the nearest relative or absolute element)
fixed position
positions an element fixed in one place on the screen
forward proxy
between device and internet; monitors access to content and hides user ip address
reverse proxy
between internet and server; caches content, fronts for security, does load balancing
load balancer
divides concurrent requests across multiple servers, improving scalability and uptime
multi-threaded server
handles multiple connections at once using a thread pool
thread pool
a fixed number of threads can access tasks from the task queue and remove them when completed
object relational mapper
a service that abstracts database usage and allows people to use databases without directly writing SQL code (e.g., Prisma)
session-based authentication
stateful, username-password authentication; server creates and stores session id (maps it to user), browser can store session id in cookies
JWT (JSON Web Token) authentication
stateless, token-based authentication; token is signed by server, identifies client and permissions, and is passed with each user action
document object model (DOM)
represents each element in a page as a node in a tree with child nodes