Lower extremity skeleton + musculature

What is a potential result of abnormal lower limb skeletal development on one side of the body?

Scoliosis

What movements can we perform at the hip joint?

Flexion; extension; abduction; adduction; medial rotation;
lateral rotation; circumduction

What movements can we perform at the knee joint?

Flexion; extension

What movements can we perform at the ankle joint?

Dorsiflexion; plantarflexion; inversion; eversion

What movements can the digits perform?

Flexion; extension; abduction; adduction

Pelvic girdle consists of

2 hip bones (coxal)

True / False: The head of the ulna and the head of the
radius both lie at their distal ends

False; radial head at proximal end

What does the lower limb consist of?

Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals,
phalanges

What are the 3 parts of the hip bone?

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

What parts of the pelvis should you know?

ASIS, Obturator Foramen, Iliac Crest, Acetabulum, Greater Sciatic Notch

What major muscle group originates on the posterior end of the pelvis?

Hamstrings (posterior thigh)

What is the bone you sit on?

Tibial Tuberosity

• hamstring muscles attach here

What does the Pelvis contain?

urinary bladder, the
sigmoid colon, rectum, and reproductive organs

Greater pelvis

superior to lesser pelvis

Lesser pelvis

inferior to greater pelvis

Pelvic inlet

boundary between greater and lesser pelvis

Pelvic outlet

lower margin of lesser pelvis

Acetabulum

hip socket feature; head of femur articulates here

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

bump you feel on front of hips

Iliac crest

top curve of bone; what your hands rest on when you put hands to hips

Obturator foramen

large hole in hip bone

• occupied by membrane

Greater sciatic notch

part of opening thru which sciatic nerve travels

Femur

largest bone in body (only thigh bone)

• know the head, neck, linea aspera

The femur articulates with both the fibula and tibia at its distal end

False; it only articulates with the tibia

Both the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament directly connect to your patella

True

The patella assists the quadriceps muscles to approach the tibia at a steeper angle

True

The Tibia is larger than the Fibula and sits more medially. It is used for weightbearing.

True

The Fibula sits more laterally and is used for muscle attachment

True

At its proximal end, the tibia connects with both the fibula and the femur

True

At its proximal end, the Fibula connects with only the Tibia and not the femur

True

The bony bump just below the kneecap is the tibial tuberosity. The bony bump on the inside of the ankle is the medial malleolus

True

The bony bump on the outside of the ankle is the lateral malleolus

True

How many tarsal bones do you have? How many metatarsal bones?

7, 5

Females have a relatively broad, low pelvis

True; this describes the female pelvis

A female pelvis has more curvature on the sacrum and coccyx

False

A female pelvis has an enlarged pelvic outlet and broader pubic angle

True

What does the Q line refer to?

Angle between two lines

1. Connects patella to area near
   anterior superior iliac spine

2. Connects patella and tibial tuberosity

What about the Q line?

It will typically be slightly higher in
females than males

• helps with establishing the approximate
  line of pull of the quadriceps femoris muscle
  group

Anatomical name for big toe

Hallux

Digit numbering system

Thumb = 1

Index = 2

Middle = 3

Ring = 4

Pinky = 5

Muscles will act along their lines of action (fiber direction)

True

Muscles that move the thigh originate on the pelvic girdle and insert on the femur

True

Muscles that move the leg originate on the pelvis and femur and insert on the tibia and/or fibula

True

Extrinsic muscles moving the foot and toes

origin on tibia + fibula, insert on tarsals/metatarsals/phalanges

Intrinsic muscles of the foot;

origin on tarsals + metatarsals, insert on phalanges

Gluteal muscles are involved in hip extension + abduction

True

Females have a narrower, less circular pelvic inlet

False, they have a wider, more circular pelvic inlet

On females, the Ilia project further medially?

False; the Ilia project further laterally