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ecological interactions

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25 Terms

1

ecological interactions

affect how organisms evolve, and evolutionary change in turn affects ecological relationships

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2

levels of organization

  • help to break down, study, and understand these interactions

  • global, landscape, ecosystem, community, population, species, organismal

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3

ecosystem dynamics

the study of relationships between organisms and their environments

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4

biogeochemical cycles

explain how matter flows through an ecosystem

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5

reservoirs

major storage locations

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6

assimilation

processes through which an element incorporates into terrestrial plants and animals

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7

release

processes through which elements return back to the environment

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8

carbon cycle

  • reservoirs: atmosphere (CO2), fossil fuels, peat, cellulose

  • assimilation: plants via photosynthesis, consumers

  • release: respiration and decomposition, burning fossil fuels

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9

water cycle

  • reservoirs: oceans, air, groundwater, glaciers

  • assimilation: plants absorb from soil, animals eat/drink

  • release: plants transpire, animals/plants decompose

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10

nitrogen cycle

  • reservoirs: atmosphere (N2), soil (NH3, NH4, NO3, NO4)

  • assimilation: plants absorb from soil (notification and nitrogen fixation), animals consume

  • release: denitrifying bacteria, animal excretion

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11

phosphorus cycle

  • reservoirs: rocks

  • assimilation: plants absorb from soil (PO4), consumers

  • release: decomposition, excretion in waste products

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12

productivity

measure of the amount of photosynthesis

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13

primary productivity

the amount of light energy converted into chemical energy (organic compounds) by autotrophs

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14

factors that affect productivity

  • depth of light penetration

  • limiting nutrient

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15

limiting nutrient

the element that controls production (photosynthesis)

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16

eutrophication

causes excessive amounts of photosynthetic organisms, like algae, to grow

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17

primary producers

autotrophs (plants bacteria, etc)

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18

primary consumer

herbivores

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19

secondary peer

primary carnivores

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20

tertiary consumer

secondary canrivores

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21

food chain

linear flow charts that show who eats whom

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22

food web

extended section of the food web

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23

keystone species

a species that affects the ecosystem more than other species

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24

ecological effiency

amount of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next

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25

ectothermic

“cold blooded” lack internal regulatory mechanisms so they use behaviors to maybe these children

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