Science 10 – First Periodical Examination Practice Exam

119-item comprehensive practice set based strictly on the provided Science reviewer, covering Philippine volcanoes and fault lines, plate tectonics and the asthenosphere, climate change and ENSO, and renewable energy.

The Philippines

Which country is located in Southeast Asia and is bounded by the Bashi Channel to the north, the Sulu Sea and Celebes Sea to the south, the South China Sea to the west, and the Pacific Ocean to the east?

Bashi Channel

What body of water bounds the Philippines to the north?

Sulu Sea and Celebes Sea

What bodies of water bound the Philippines to the south?

South China Sea

What body of water bounds the Philippines to the west?

Pacific Ocean

What ocean bounds the Philippines to the east?

12.879° N, 121.7740° E

What coordinates of the Philippines are given in the reviewer?

An archipelago

How is the Philippines classified because it consists of many islands?

7,641 islands

According to the reviewer, how many islands does the Philippines have?

Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao

What are the three main island groups of the Philippines?

Pacific Ring of Fire / Circum-Pacific Belt

What horseshoe-shaped zone situated around the edges of the Pacific Ocean contains 75% of all active volcanoes?

The edges of the Pacific Ocean

Where is the Pacific Ring of Fire or Circum-Pacific Belt situated?

Horseshoe shape

What is the shape of the Pacific Ring of Fire or Circum-Pacific Belt?

75% of all active volcanoes

What percentage of all active volcanoes is found in the Pacific Ring of Fire according to the reviewer?

Earthquakes and volcanic and tectonic activities

What activities commonly occur in the Pacific Ring of Fire?

50 million years ago

According to the reviewer, approximately when was the Philippines formed through volcanic eruptions?

Volcanic eruptions

According to the reviewer, what process formed the Philippines approximately 50 million years ago?

1,350 volcanoes

According to the reviewer, approximately how many volcanoes are in the Philippines?

Luzon

In which Philippine island group are most of the approximately 1,350 volcanoes located?

Active volcano

What type of volcano has frequent eruptions and has erupted within the last 10,000 years?

Mayon Volcano, Mount Pinatubo, Mount Hibok-Hibok, Taal Volcano, Mount Bulusan, and Mount Kanlaon

What six examples of active volcanoes are listed in the reviewer?

Dormant volcano

What type of semi-active volcano can erupt in the near future?

Mount Makiling

What example of a dormant volcano is listed in the reviewer?

Extinct volcano

What type of volcano is not expected to erupt again and has not erupted in the past 10,000 years according to the reviewer?

Mount Butay in Camiguin

What example of an extinct volcano is listed in the reviewer?

Island Arc

Which volcano-forming mechanism occurs when one plate subducts under another plate?

Hot spots

Which volcano-forming mechanism occurs when magma coming from hot spots escapes to the surface?

Spreading Centers

In which mechanism are rift volcanoes usually formed?

Continental Arc

Which volcano-forming mechanism occurs when plates smash against each other?

Fault line

What is a crack in Earth’s crust called?

Philippine Plate, Eurasian Plate, and Indo-Australian Plate

What three tectonic plates are listed in connection with the Philippine fault lines?

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

What is the complete name of the Philippine agency abbreviated as PHIVOLCS?

Western Philippine Fault

Which major active fault does not actually pass over land but crosses seas in the western region of the country?

Luzon Sea, Mindoro Strait, Panay Gulf, and Sulu Sea

Across which four bodies of water is the Western Philippine Fault found?

Eastern Philippine Fault

Which major active fault is described in the reviewer as being located in the Philippine Fault?

Central Philippine Fault

Which major active fault is located in the northern part of the country?

Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aurora, Davao del Norte, Eastern Leyte, Masbate, Quezon, Southern Leyte, and Ilocos Norte

Which places are listed as being crossed by the Central Philippine Fault?

Marikina Valley Fault System

Which major active fault system passes through the busy area of Manila and is identified as the most active fault line in the country?

Biñan, Calamba, Carmona, Marikina, Montalban, Muntinlupa, Oriental Mindoro, Pasig, San Mateo, San Pedro, Santa Rosa, Tagaytay, and Taguig

Which places are listed as being crossed by the Marikina Valley Fault System?

Southern Mindanao Fault

Which major active fault extends across the Moro Gulf and the Celebes Sea?

Western Philippine Fault, Eastern Philippine Fault, Central Philippine Fault, Marikina Valley Fault System, and Southern Mindanao Fault

What are the five major active fault lines or fault systems listed in the reviewer?

Plate tectonics theory

What theory helps explain how landforms are created through the movement of Earth’s subterranean plates according to the reviewer?

Mantle convection

What process explains how tectonic plates move according to the reviewer?

Alfred Wegener

Which scientist is named in the reviewer in connection with mantle convection and Pangaea?

Divergent Boundaries

What plate boundaries slide apart and create a rift valley?

Convergent Boundaries

What plate boundaries collide with each other and cause bulges?

Transform Boundaries

What plate boundaries move alongside each other and trigger various earthquakes?

Pangaea

What was the single supercontinent called?

6 feet per 100 years to 66 feet per 100 years

What range of tectonic-plate displacement over 100 years is stated in the reviewer?

10 centimeters every year or 33 feet in 100 years

What faster rate of tectonic-plate movement in the past is stated in the reviewer?

6–8 centimeters every year toward the Eurasian Plate

At what rate and in what direction does the northwest side of the Philippine Sea move?

Space Geodetic Techniques

What techniques are used to observe the geodetic properties of Earth?

Global Positioning System (GPS)

What space geodetic technique is a navigation network of satellites orbiting Earth?

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)

What space geodetic technique is described as the most sensitive in receiving radio signals from space?

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR)

What space geodetic technique detects a satellite’s variation from its predicted orbit?

Asthenosphere

What partially molten layer of rocks generally supports the tectonic plates?

Below the lithosphere

Where is the asthenosphere located?

100–140 kilometers

What thickness or depth range is stated for the asthenosphere in the reviewer?

2–15 centimeters every year

What annual rate of plate movement is stated in the lesson on the asthenosphere?

The Himalayas in Asia and the San Andreas Fault in the United States

What two examples of tectonic-plate interaction are listed in the reviewer?

Mantle Convection

Which mechanism of plate motion causes hot, low-density material to rise and denser material to sink at the sides?

Convection cell

What circular pattern of movement is produced by mantle convection?

Ridge Push / gravitational sliding plate

What mechanism of plate motion is also called gravitational sliding of a plate?

Mid-ocean ridges

Where does ridge push act as a driving force for plate movement?

Elevated ridges and rift valleys

What landforms are created by ridge push according to the reviewer?

Slab Pull

What pulling force is generally caused by a cold, dense oceanic plate sinking beneath less-dense continental plates?

Convergent boundaries

At what type of boundary do two plates collide?

Subduction zones

What areas form where one tectonic plate goes under another?

Areas or regions where tectonic plates sink back into the mantle just below the continental lithosphere

How does the reviewer define subduction zones?

Cascadia Subduction Zone

What subduction zone extends from Northern California through western Oregon and Washington up to British Columbia?

Northern California, western Oregon and Washington, and British Columbia

What locations are crossed by the Cascadia Subduction Zone according to the reviewer?

Manila Trench

Which primary Philippine subduction zone is associated with the South China Sea?

Philippine Trench

Which primary Philippine subduction zone is located on the eastern side of the country?

The rubbing and smashing together of Earth’s plates

According to the reviewer, what process forms mountains?

Sierra Madre

Which mountain range is called the backbone of Luzon?

The longest mountain range in the Philippines

What distinction is given to the Sierra Madre?

More than 500 kilometers from Cagayan to Quezon

What length and extent of the Sierra Madre are stated in the reviewer?

Lava / magma

What molten material is involved in volcanic eruptions according to the reviewer?

Volcanic mountains

What mountains form when lava piles up?

Kamaʻehuakanaloa Seamount

What active submarine volcano off the coast of Hawaii is listed as an example of a volcanic mountain that formed underwater?

An active submarine volcano off the coast of Hawaii

How is Kamaʻehuakanaloa Seamount described in the reviewer?

Mount Fuji

What famous volcano in Japan is listed in the reviewer?

Japan

In what country is Mount Fuji located?

Mount St. Helens

What volcano in the United States destroyed certain parts of an existing mountain during the 1980s according to the reviewer?

The United States during the 1980s

Where and when did the Mount St. Helens event mentioned in the reviewer occur?

Global warming

What is the long-term heating of Earth’s surface called?

Fossil fuel

What major energy source is used for electricity, industrial processes, heating, and transportation?

Coal, petroleum or crude oil, and natural gas

What three examples of fossil fuels are listed in the reviewer?

Carbon dioxide

What gas produced by burning fossil fuels contributes to the greenhouse effect?

Greenhouse effect

What process has a major role in warming the planet because heat reflected from Earth’s surface cannot return to space?

The Sun’s rays penetrate the atmosphere, but heat reflected from Earth’s surface cannot return to space

How does the reviewer explain the greenhouse effect?

Climate change

What is a long-term change in the average global temperature called?

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

What climate-change pattern occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean?

El Niño

What phase occurs when the ocean surface warms to an above-average sea surface temperature?

Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

What is the complete term represented by SST?

La Niña

What phase involves cooling of the ocean surface?

Neutral

What phase occurs when the ocean surface is at the normal average sea surface temperature?

Hydropower

What is the main source of renewable energy in the Philippines according to the reviewer?

Hydroelectric power plants

Through what facilities is hydropower generated?

3,700 megawatts, or 16% of the national total energy

What total hydropower capacity and national share are stated in the overview?

Solar Power

Which renewable energy source is convenient in the Philippines because the country has only two seasons and is generally sunny throughout the year?