Coal and petroleum

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6 Terms

1
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What are inexhaustible natural resources?

Resources present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities. Examples include sunlight and air.

2
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What are exhaustible natural resources?

Resources present in a limited quantity in nature and can be exhausted by human activities. Examples include forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

3
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What are fossil fuels?

Fuels formed from the dead remains of living organisms (i.e., fossils) over millions of years. Examples include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

4
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Explain the process of coal formation.

  1. Ancient vegetation: About 300 million years ago, dense forests got buried under the Earth's soil due to natural processes like floods and earthquakes.
  2. High pressure and temperature: As more soil deposited over them, they were compressed. The temperature also rose as they sank deeper.
  3. Carbonization: Under high pressure and high temperature, the dead vegetation slowly converted to coal. The slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonization.
5
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How was crude oil (from which petrol is derived) formed?

Crude oil was formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient marine organisms (like plankton and algae). When these organisms died, they sank to the bottom of the ocean and were covered by layers of mud and sediment. Over time, intense pressure and heat from the Earth's crust transformed their organic matter into crude oil and natural gas.

6
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What are the common constituents of petroleum, and what are their primary uses?

  1. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas):
    • Uses: Fuel for home and industry.
  2. Petrol (Gasoline):
    • Uses: Motor fuel, aviation fuel, solvent for dry cleaning.
  3. Kerosene:
    • Uses: Fuel for stoves, lamps, and jet aircraft.
  4. Diesel:
    • Uses: Fuel for heavy motor vehicles and electric generators.
  5. Lubricating Oil:
    • Uses: Lubrication.
  6. Paraffin Wax:
    • Uses: Ointments, candles, vaseline.
  7. Bitumen (Asphalt):
    • Uses: Paints, road surfacing.