6.1 sleep wake disorder

Insomnia causes

distinct condition or comorbid with other mental disorders or sleep disorder, work and social problems

Insomnia

dissattisfation with the quality or quantity of sleep, initiating (20 to 30 min) or maintaining sleep (20 to30min), common. 1/3 of adults. Drugs end with long term dependency or excessive sleepiness

Insomnia diagnosis

disturbance causes clinically significant distress and impairment should occur for at least three months

Narcolepsy

recurrent periods of irresistible need to sleep or lapsing into sleep. Must occur 3x per week for 3 months for diagnosis, hypnagogic hallucinations, begins in childhood, adolescence, or young adulthood

One of the following must happen for narcolepsy diagnosis

episodes of cataplexy, hypocretin deficiency, abnormal polysomnography

Cataplexy

sudden or brief episodes of muscle weakness, w/ laughter, joking or spontaneous grimaces or tongue thrusting, awake but cannot move during episode, loss of muscle tone

Hypocretin deficiency

neurotransmitters that sustain alertness and prevent REM sleep

Abnormal polysomnography

records brain waves eye movement, breathing, and muscle tone during sleep, abnormalities associated with narcolepsy individuals will enter REM sleep much earlier than normal