M9 Flashcards on Type Casting and Polymorphism

Flashcards to review key concepts related to type casting, polymorphism, and inner classes in Java.

Type Casting

The process of converting a variable from one data type to another.

Two Main data types

Primitive data types and User-defined data types

Widening Type Casting

Implicit type casting, done by the compiler, which widens or upcasts a smaller type to a larger type (e.g., int to double).

Narrowing Type Casting

Explicit type casting, done manually by the user, which narrows or downcasts a larger type to a smaller type (e.g., double to int).

Data Loss

May lead to data loss, particularly in narrowing type casting.

Class Type Casting

Requires an 'Is-a' relationship between classes.

Static Binding (Early Binding)

Performed at compilation time; involves static, private, and final methods; uses overloaded methods.

Dynamic Binding (Late Binding)

Performed at execution time; involves overridden methods.

Class Type Upcasting

A parent class object referring to its child class object.

Class Type Downcasting

A child class object referring to its parent class object, which may require explicit downcasting.

Inner Classes

Classes defined inside another class, used for grouping related classes, improving code readability and maintainability, and supporting encapsulation.

Regular Inner Class

Cannot be directly accessed from outside the outer class without creating an instance of the outer class first.

Private Inner Class

Cannot be accessed from outside the class

Static Inner Classes

Can be accessed without creating an object of the outer class.

M.I.C.E.

Messages, Inheritance, Class, Encapsulation

R.P.I.G.S.

Relationships, Polymorphism, Information Hiding, Generics, State Retention