Chemistry 1211 Memorization List Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering polyatomic ions, strong acids, organic and covalent prefixes, solubility rules, and oxidation rules for Chemistry 1211.

Acetate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $C_2H_3O_2^-$ or $CH_3CO_2^-$.

Ammonium

A polyatomic cation with the formula $NH_4^+$.

Carbonate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $CO_3^{2-}$.

Bicarbonate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $HCO_3^-$.

Perchlorate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $ClO_4^-$.

Chlorate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $ClO_3^-$.

Chlorite

A polyatomic ion with the formula $ClO_2^-$.

Hypochlorite

A polyatomic ion with the formula $ClO^-$.

Phosphate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $PO_4^{3-}$.

Cyanide

A polyatomic ion with the formula $CN^-$.

Hydroxide

A polyatomic ion with the formula $OH^-$.

Sulfate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $SO_4^{2-}$.

Sulfite

A polyatomic ion with the formula $SO_3^{2-}$.

Bisulfate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $HSO_4^-$.

Bisulfite

A polyatomic ion with the formula $HSO_3^-$.

Permanganate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $MnO_4^-$.

Mercury(I)

A polyatomic cation with the formula $Hg_2^{2+}$.

Nitrate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $NO_3^-$.

Nitrite

A polyatomic ion with the formula $NO_2^-$.

Chromate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $CrO_4^{2-}$.

Dichromate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $Cr_2O_7^{2-}$.

Thiocyanate

A polyatomic ion with the formula $SCN^-$.

Common Diatomic Elements

Diatomic species consisting of $H_2$, $O_2$, $N_2$, and the halogens.

Hemi-

A covalent prefix representing $\frac{1}{2}$.

Mono-

A covalent prefix representing $1$.

Di-

A covalent prefix representing $2$.

Tri-

A covalent prefix representing $3$.

Tetra-

A covalent prefix representing $4$.

Penta-

A covalent prefix representing $5$.

Hexa-

A covalent prefix representing $6$.

Hepta-

A covalent prefix representing $7$.

Octa-

A covalent prefix representing $8$.

Nona-

A covalent prefix representing $9$.

Deca-

A covalent prefix representing $10$.

Meth-

A basic organic prefix representing $1$ carbon.

Eth-

A basic organic prefix representing $2$ carbons.

Prop-

A basic organic prefix representing $3$ carbons.

But-

A basic organic prefix representing $4$ carbons.

Pent-

A basic organic prefix representing $5$ carbons.

Hex-

A basic organic prefix representing $6$ carbons.

Hydrochloric Acid

A common strong acid with the formula $HCl(aq)$.

Hydrobromic Acid

A common strong acid with the formula $HBr(aq)$.

Hydroiodic Acid

A common strong acid with the formula $HI(aq)$.

Perchloric Acid

A common strong acid with the formula $HClO_4(aq)$.

Nitric Acid

A common strong acid with the formula $HNO_3(aq)$.

Sulfuric Acid

A common strong acid with the formula $H_2SO_4(aq)$.

Halide Solubility Rule Exceptions

Group 17 ions are usually soluble in water unless paired with $Ag^+$ , $Cu^+$ , $Hg_2^{2+}$ , or $Pb^{2+}$.

Sulfate Solubility Rule Exceptions

Sulfate ions are usually soluble in water unless paired with $Ba^{2+}$ , $Ca^{2+}$ , $Hg^{2+}$ , $Pb^{2+}$ , or $Sr^{2+}$.

Hydroxide Solubility Rule

Hydroxides are usually insoluble except when paired with $Ca(OH)_2$ , $Sr(OH)_2$ , $Ba(OH)_2$ , group 1 cations, or ammonium.

Free Element Oxidation Number Rule

The oxidation number of an atom in a free element is always $0$.

Monoatomic Ion Oxidation Number Rule

The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion is equal to its charge.

Hydrogen Oxidation Number Rule

The oxidation number of hydrogen is $+1$ when combined with nonmetals, and $-1$ when combined with metals.

Fluorine Oxidation Number Rule

The oxidation number of fluorine in compounds is always $-1$.

Oxygen Oxidation Number Rule

The oxidation number of oxygen in compounds is generally $-2$.