4-3 HLSC 410 Time use and Ooccupation

Types of Temporal Natural of occupations

• seasonal occupations

• traditions

• celebrations

• rituals

Prior to our reliance on clocks, we related some activites to natures patterns of time

• saliors and fishmasn knowledge of tides

• farmers planting/harvesting seasons and daylights hours (prior to electicitity) → current use of daylight savings time to preserve activity time

Time varies baed on…

age, body temp, levels of arousal and concentration of dopamine

some people are highly skilled in accuracy of time preception (mussicians, dancers, atheltes)

Influences on time use are effected by

• habits

• social and cultural factors

• age

• physical status

• role expectations

• envrioment

Circadian Rhytms

rest/activity cycles performed within 24 hours

during the day: increase body temp, cortisol, hormone, BP, melation, growht, testerone, prolactin . during the night decreases

Studying time use

• public health officials

• city planners and artitechs

• economist

• psychologist, arthopologist

ICATUS

US International Classification of Time Use statistics

Primary Activities

constitute the principal pursuit of the moment

Secondary Activities

done concurrently with the main or primary activity

Pattens of duration

either end of the continuum may dysfunction in performance

• fleeting and random engagement in activities on one end

• continuous pursuit of an activity on other end

habits

patterns of thought and behaviors that are repeated and semi-automatic

can either support or interfere with performance in areas in occupation

may be impoverished (BAD) , useful or dominating (addicting) in nature

routines

type of higher order habit that involved sequencing and combing process, procedure, steps, or occupations

consist of a number of occupations that order in which they are done and the general environment characteristics that support performance

Place and routine

the routine of one may be an environmental feature that supports a routine of another

context may support engagement in a routine

routinization

trait or disposition to depend on routine for everyday function

extent to which people become attached to regular routine that they react aversively to changes in that routine

related to coping styles and the effective of dealing with stressful events

Rituals

prescribed occupations that are intentional nature and that typically hold significant and meaning for those performing them

mark

• end or beginning of a way of life

• completion of important task and attainment of goals

• transitions from one state or time period to another

Cultural Rituals may include

• language

• symbolic objects and places, ceremonial dress

• attendance by people occupying specific societal positions

LIfestyle

habits, routines, rituals that help define lifestyles,

as health care provides were are interest in assisting individuals to adopt lifestyles that

promote health and prevent diseases through activity engagement, nutritional habits and coping behaviors

disrupted patterns of time use

isolated living

unemployment

retirement

imprisionment

refugeeism

cultural restriction on participation

natural disasters

severe illness or injury leading to disability

pandemic

occupational choices

“deliberate commitments to enter into an occupational role, acquire a new habit or undertake a personal project”

“self directed life activities that support task and roles within different environments”

Occupational choices partiparlly dependent upon

• expected valued outcomes offered by the enviroment

• locus of control (persons believe behavior is guided by…)

  • External: fate, luck, or other external circumstances

  • internal: personal decisions and efforts

Self efficiany

bandura: the extent to which person believe they are cable or efficacious is a major contributing factor to goal selection and attainment

the greatest constraint to occupational choice may be the belief that one is not capable of performing new and challenging task

Intrinistic motivation

deci and ryan’85: inmate need for competence and self determination even in the face of obstacles offered by social enviroment

satisfaction comes from the task itself not an external source

social praise is a type of external motivation a…

reinforcer or form of social control (depends on POV)

Activity types

ego involved

task involved

Ego involved activity type

• persons self esteem depends on attaining a specific level of performance

• goal is to demonstrate high competence relative to others

• mastery is a mean to this end

Task involved activity type

• engagement occurs because a task is interesting, challenging or has other inherent qualities

• mastery of task is in end in itself

motivation adn self concept

• we are motivated by a sense of what we could be at some point in teh futrue

• we maek eoccupation

MOdel of human occupation

Kielhofner- Volitonal Subsystem

• a system of dispostion adn self knowledge that predisposes and enables persons to anticipate, choose, experience and interpre occupational behavior

• occuaptional choicres ordinarly resule from considerable deilberations and may involev and ectended procress of information-gathering, reflection adn imagination

• individuals select valued activites among many offerings in teh eviorment but they also must remain focused adn regualr theri behavrio..

contrubtions of genetics

individual responds to the enviroment affect changes in the envrioment which may elicit new responses and vise verse

Occupational choices and culture

chocies may be a reflection of socially transmitted behaviors patterns and beliefs resulting from ones culture

enabling and disabling aspects of culture

occuaptional choices are influences by habits and culture that subsequently affect health status

Social policy and occupational choices

• comes from political forces, class strucutere, socioecomincal factors

• infleucnes extend to which resources are avaible to indidvuals who have dimished productivity and who may need costly services